gre阅读考试逻辑题解析
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gre阅读考试逻辑题解析
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gre阅读考试逻辑题解析中
gre阅读真题解析:
Exterminator: Using poisoned food is the most effective tactic for combating a mouse infestation. The mouse will carry the food back to the nest, causing all of the mice to die, while a trap will kill only the one mouse that falls into it. If all signs of the mice disappear for three consecutive weeks after poisoned food is used, the homeowner can be sure that the poison was successful in eradicating the mice.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the exterminator’s claim that the absence of signs for three weeks means the mice have been eradicated by the poison?
(A) Because mice hide whenever they sense humans, it is very difficult to see or hear mice even when there is an active infestation.
(B) It is more humane to use live-catch traps that allow homeowners to release the still-living mice outside.
(C) In the spring, many mice that nest in houses begin foraging for food outside and do not return to the comfort of the house until the fall or winter.
(D) There are several different kinds of poison that could be used, some of which are more effective than others.
(E) It sometimes takes longer than three weeks for all of the mice to ingest and die from the poison.
想要快速解决gre阅读逻辑题,有几个重要步骤必须做到。由于这些阅读题往往是短篇ARGU类文章的形式。所以通常都是某人想要总结某个观点,或者双方就一个观点进行争论的提问方式。
搞定gre阅读考试逻辑题第一步:确认问题类型
看gre考试文章前先看问题,问题会告诉你需要那种逻辑思维方式来解题,有时候还会包含文章的结论。而仔细阅读问题题干可能会帮助我们加强或者削弱结论、找出假设部分、进行推理、解决矛盾、分析文章结构。本题的问题,就是让我们去削弱结论。
搞定阅读逻辑题第二步:分解文章论点
一般文章的论点会由这几个部分组成。分别是:前提、结论、假设和反对前提。当阅读文章论点时,我们要学会分辨其中的这些部分,分解论点进行解析。
搞定阅读逻辑题第三步:排除答案选项
把答案的每个选项都检查一遍,首先,排除那些明显错误的选项,然后把剩下的选项进行对比。
选项A与结论的所有记号都消失矛盾,所以很明显是错误的,可以直接排除。
选项B没有谈到我们需要削弱的观点:3周没迹象=老鼠全被毒死了。所以排除。
选项C比较对路。假设正好这个计划在春季开展,有毒食物被放置好,而且3周没有老鼠的迹象,但也许并不是老鼠被消灭了,只是所有老鼠都正好离开了,靠着春季的充足野外食物生存,到了九十月份又会回来。这样就正好削弱了结论。所以这个答案比较正确。
选项D没有谈到需要削弱的观点:3周没迹象=老鼠全被毒死了。所以排除。
选项E比较容易出错。看似逻辑正确,但包含的假设条件文章内并没有提到,所以也可以排除。
综合起来,正确答案是C。
从真题中总结的解决阅读逻辑题技巧
1. 掌握上述的解题步骤。
2. 某些选项会比较接近正确答案,但缺乏对关键论点的削弱,这些都是陷阱选项,不要上当。
3. 想当然的选项,有些选项看似很正确,但其实并没有事实基础,即在文章中并没有提到相关内容,所以无论它看上去多正确,都是错误的选项。解答时大家切忌自行脑补一些条件,忠于原文进行解答是关键。
GRE阅读:长难句分析
Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved,the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view,namely,that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as "common currency" throughout the nervous system. (4) 尽管在神经能量上存在着质的不同,这一点从来都没有在严格的意义上被反对过,但是以上教条通常被抛弃掉,而转向相反的观点,即:神经冲动从根本上本质相同,而且被当作“一种普通流”在整个神经系统中传播。
难句类型:复杂修饰、双重否定
解释:前半个分句中有一个双重否定,was never rigidly disproved,这种表示法用中文说出来还是比较好懂的,原因是我们熟悉中文的这种表示法,但在英文中出现,因为在以前的学习中见得少,所以感觉上很别扭。因此,同学们的任务,就是通过反复阅读此类句子来熟悉这样的英语。其实在英文表达中,很多双重否定与中文表达是一样的,表示肯定;如not unlimited就等于limited。但是值得读者注意的是在GRE和GMAT这两种对考生的逻辑有苛刻要求的考试中,如果这种双重否定中所涉及的概念不是dichotomous(即二分法的词汇,比如上面例子中的limited和unlimited),则双重否定不一定表示肯定;比如本例中的not disprove, 不能理解为agree, 不反对者中,的确有人会同意,但通常心存疑虑,随大流者居多。不但如此,大双重否定中加上限定词以后,在否定的范围上也有所变化,如本句的be never rigidly disproved,没有完全被反对,不能理解为从来都被严格支持的,而应该理解成从来都可能有人支持的。综上所述,对双重否定的句子,简单的把其置换为肯定,不是最精确的理解。而最好的办法,就是通过多读、多练来熟悉其语言表达及其逻辑方式,按照其字面的表达理解成没有完全否定,然后大脑中反应出其目前的生存状态是一个仍未消失的状态;这种理解才是在考试现场既快速又精确的理解。
运用前面所说的用合理化原则中的取非读法,可以很容易的读出作者在后半个分句中想说前面的那种观点被反对了。但是,初学者会对这个分句中的something be abandoned in favor of something else这种语言表达感到突然,如果理解成因为喜后者而抛弃了前者,虽然也能说得通,但是其实原文从来没有这种因果关系,in favor of强调的是这两种动作的同时性;抛弃了前者,而转向后者,namely之后的内容是前面的opposing view的同位语。
Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size,number, arrangement,and interconnection of the nerve cells,but as far as psycho neural correlations were concerned,the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences. (4 -)
尽管其他实验显示在神经细胞的大小、数量、排列和相互连接上有一些小的差异,但是就心理-神经的关系而言,这些感官区域彼此之间的明显的相似性看起来比起微小的差异更为令人注目。
难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语
解释:在前后两个分句之间有一个插入语as far as psychoneural correlations were concerned。在后面的分句中,主语the obvious similarities之后的、修饰主语的成分较长、以至于有很多读者看到相隔很远的more remarkable than时一下子反应不过来是什么比后者更明显。其简化形式应为:similarities seemed more remarkable than differences。
GRE阅读:长难句分析
Although some experiments show that,as an object becomes familiar,its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel,the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar. (4+)
虽然某些实验表明,随着一个物体变得熟悉起来,其内心再现图像亦更具整体感,辨认过程相应地更趋于平行,但证据的砝码似乎在支持序列假设(serial hypothesis),至少是对于那些不甚简单、不甚熟悉的物体来说。
难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语、省略
解释:在Although引导的分句中,谓语shows后面跟着一个长长的宾语从句,从句中先出现一个插入语as an object becomes familiar,之后的内容是由and 连接的两套并列的主谓宾。其实and前后就是两个句子,只不过作者省略了后面的句子中与前面相同的引导词that和谓语become。
句子中有一个生词holistic,其实即使不认识,也能用合理化原则猜出它是后面serial的反义词、parallel的同义词,大约是统一、完整或同时的意思;其实只要能理解到其是与serial相反的意思即可。
意群训练:Although some experiments show that,as an object becomes familiar,its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel,the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.
In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement,historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. (3+)
在很大程度上,由于女权主义运动(feminist movement)的缘故,史学家近年来汇聚了大量的注意力,来更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。 Focus A on B;
难句类型:倒装
解释:focus A on B指把A集中于B,本句中介词on的宾语determining/more accurately the status of women invarious periods中有一个小倒装,正常语序应该是determining the status of women in various periods more accurately。
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