雅思阅读8大常考题型和中低频题型分类
雅思阅读8大常考题型和中低频题型分类
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雅思阅读8大常考题型和中低频题型分类
雅思阅读考试时间为60分钟，考题都以“三大段”的文章为基本结构，大约1500-3000字之间，内容多样，甚至有时以图表、表格的方式出现，学生答题的方式亦有多种答题形式，共40题。阅读部分的主题并不是为了考察学生对学术的专业度或认知度，所以学生千万别因对主题的陌生而紧张起来。
雅思阅读题材
题材非常广泛，涵盖了科技、法律、教育、历史、文学、交通、社会、自然等多个方面。雅思文章的出处有很多，其中最实用的、便于积累背景知识的雅思文章来源是newscientist网站, 这个网站是雅思出题方公布的出题来源，包括了太空领域、环境、生物地理物理等科学以及社会科学与人类健康等各方面的科学知识。
雅思阅读常考八大题型
一、段落标题(paragraphheadings)
在做雅思阅读文章的时候，一般是10个选项，其中包括1-2个段落其标题的例子。要求根据段落中的内容找出与其相匹配的段落标题。正式考试中一般1个选项只能用于1个段落。
二、辨别正误题型(True/false/notgiven)
该题型会涉及到：(notgiven/notmentioned)没有提到，有时还会出现下列提法accurat/inaccurat精确/不精确;supported/contradicted一致/不一致。correct/incorrect正确与不正确。辨别正误题型属于比较难的题型。通常出现在阅读测试中的第3或第4部分。
规定时间内如果我们完成不能答题，可以选择根据逻辑猜测。这个办法在回答辨别正误(True;false;notgiven)题型时很有效。由于时间有限，很多题是通过此逻辑猜测得出正确答案。
三、回答问题(short-answerquestiontasks)
回答问题是根据所给文章或图表回答问题。雅思阅读考试中中通常是出现what、which、when、where、who、whose、whom、why、how等单词。这些单词有时会在答题指引中将所提问题列出。
回答问题答题步骤：
1.仔细查看答题指引，了解回答何种问题。
2.查看例句，确定答题方式。
3.要确定问句的种类，一般疑问句可按正常形式回答，如果是选择疑问句或者是以wh/how开头的问句就一定要具体回答。
4.仔细理解问句所提问题。
5.特别要注意问句中所提问题的关键词语(例如：单数、复数)，以及问句中表明数量、时间、地点的词语。
6.将问句中的关键词语与文章中相关句子中的词语进行匹配。
7.确定问句与文章中相关句子含义是否一致，得出答案。
四、完成图表、示意图题型(table、chartordiagramcompletion)
完成图表、示意图题型是要根据文章所给出的信息，将图表内缺失的内容填补出来。雅思阅读考试中，有很多种图表及示意图。这些图表虽然篇幅不长，却能够明确说明问题的答案。通常这些图表会附在所给阅读文章之内，作为文章的一部分，千万不能忽略这类图表。图表填空的关键在于分析图表信息点，根据信息点寻找对应的答案。
完成图表、示意图题答题步骤：
1.详细查看答题指引，以确定图表为何种信息。
2.查看例句，了解图表内容及答题方式。
3.查看图表题目栏中词语及数字符号。
4.查看图表中的说明及注释部分。
5.利用问句中的关键词语，在所给图表中寻找答案。
五、配对题(matching)
配对题是雅思阅读考试a类中比较普遍的题型，配对的范围主要在：事件和事件的发展过程;原因和结果;文章中的概念和概念的解释;标志性事物和其所在的时代;新产品和发明家、时间等。
配对题答题步骤：
1.仔细查看答题指引，了解回答何种问题。
2.查看例句，确定答题方式。
3.弄清那些选项是同义选项，那些选项是反义选项，那些选项是有关数字选项。
4.根据在题目中自己划出的中心词在原文中寻找信息点，注意以大写、斜体、括号和引号方式出现的概念。
5.对于有关人名与理论、新产品和发明家、时间的配对题，首先要快速找出人名、公司名和时间，然后在附近的上下文中找答案。
六、摘要(summary)、填空题型(gapfill)
填空题通常有两种形式：一种是根据文章内容选择词或短语填空，一般是为阅读文章的缩写内容进行填空;另一种则无参考文章，只是一篇短文。第一种题型相对第二种题型较难，所花费时间较多，因为要将两篇文章进行语句、词语的比较。不过这种缩写形式对于理解所给阅读文章有所帮助。第二种形式是利用所给单词或短语进行填空。上述两种形式填空题都需要借助语法、词法知识，分析所需填空文章中相关句子的含义。
七、完成句子题型(sentencecompletiontasks)
完成句子题型就是先给出句子的一部分，未给出部分在文章中找出，或者给出2-3个答案，由你选择一个。这种题型较难，要花一点时间仔细查看文章中的有关部分。
完成句子题答题步骤：
1.详细阅读答题指引，获取必要的答题信息。
2.参考例句，确定答题形式。
3.利用语法知识确定句子缺失部分。
4.仔细查看所给句子的含义，并找出关键词语。
5.利用所给部分的关键词语在文章中找出相关句子。
6.在文章中的相关句子里，选取缺失部分(即答案)。
如果完成句子题型是以多重选择的形式出现，那么则要将选择答案部分列为问句的一部分，从中选取所需的关键词语，逐个与文章中相关句子进行匹配。
八、多重选择题型(maltiple-choicetasks)
多重选择题型与toefl测试中的多重选择题型看似类似，实质上差别很大。雅思阅读测试中的多重选择题型更多侧重于对文章的理解，而tofel则强调语法、词法的运用。
注意多重选择题型下列情况：
1.alloftheabove.(上述全部)
2.eithera.orb.orc.orabove.(或者上面的a。或b。或c。)
3.itdependson.(视...而定)
如果出现上述三种情况，就要对所有的选择答案进行分析对比。
雅思阅读中低频题型
多选多+排序
完成句子+搭配题
以上就是雅思阅读8大常考题型和中低频题型分类的全部内容，按上文所述，雅思的阅读考试题型已经达到10种。如果我们再把一些低频的或者难度大的题型找出来加上的话，雅思阅读的题型数量可以达到14种。这也印证了我们在文首中说的雅思阅读是结构化英语考试中出了名的题型多。
雅思阅读全真练习系列：How a Frenchman is reviving McDonald's in Europe
How a Frenchman is reviving McDonald's in Europe
A. When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald's in January 2004, the world's biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group's French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers' favourite enemy operates.
B. So far Mr Hennequin is doing well. Last year European sales increased by 5.8% and the number of customers by 3.4%, the best annual results in nearly 15 years. Europe accounted for 36% of the group's profits and for 28% of its sales. December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly.
C Mr Hennequin's recipe for revival is to be more open about his company's operations, to be “locally relevant”, and to improve the experience of visiting his 6,400 restaurants. McDonald's is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment and simply for being American. Mr Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns.
D. He introduced “open door” visitor days in each country which became hugely popular. In Poland alone some 50,000 visitors came to McDonald's through the visitors' programme last year. The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last year, put detailed labels on McDonald's packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.
E. Mr Hennequin also wants people to know that “McJobs”, the low-paid menial jobs at McDonald's restaurants, are much better than people think. But some of his efforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald's employees to work anywhere in the European Union. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe more easily available to McDonald's managers across the continent.
F. To stay in touch with local needs and preferences, McDonald's employs local bosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonald's in Russia, though a Serb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifths of its supplies in France come from local farmers, for example. (Some of the French farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequently discovered that it was, in fact, buying their produce.) And it hires celebrities such as Heidi Klum, a German model, as local brand ambassadors.
G. In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a “design studio” in France to spruce up his company's drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes. The studio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe. He also set up a “food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends.
H. Given France's reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems odd that McDonald's revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked up in the French market. But France is in fact the company's most profitable market after America. The market where McDonald's is weakest in Europe is not France, but Britain.
I. “Fixing Britain should be his priority,” says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald's restaurants in Britain are company-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The company suffers from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants, but can rely on steady income from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible, says Mr Palmer.
J. M.Mark Wiltamuth, an analyst at Morgan Stanley, estimates that European company-owned restaurants' margins will increase slightly to 16.4% in 2007. This is still less than in the late 1990s and below America's 18-19% today. But it is much better than before Mr Hennequin's reign. He is already being tipped as the first European candidate for the group's top job in Illinois. Nobody would call that a McJob.
Questions 1-6 Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
1. McDonald was showing the sign of recovery in all European countries except France after Denis Hennequin took office as the boss of Euro-markets.
2. Starting from last year, detailed labels are put on McDonald’s packaging and detailed information is also printed on tray-liners.
3. France is said to be the most anti-American country in Europe, but the ideas of the “open door” visiting days and “McPassport” are invented in the French market.
4. Britain possesses the weakest McDonald market among European countries and approximately 1214 McDonald’s restaurants are company-owned.
5. According to David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS, David Hennequin should treat the problem about McDonald in Britain as the most important thing.
6. David Palmer suggested that the management of McDonalod in Italy should sell as many its outlets which lose money in business as possible for revival.
Questions 7-10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-10 on your answe sheet.
7. The word “sterling” in line 3 of Paragraph A means__________.
A. difficult
B. menial
C. terrible
D. excellent
8. Which of the following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOT TRUE?
A. It tends to make people fat.
B. Its operations are very vague.
C. It tends to exploit workers.
D. It tends to treat animals cruelly.
9. Which of the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesired result?
A. “Food Studio” scheme.
B. “Open Door” visitor days.
C. The “McPassport” scheme.
D. The Nutrition Information Initiative.
10. What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends?
A. set up a “Food Studio” .
B. established a “Design Studio”.
C. hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors.
D. employed local bosses as much as possible.
Questions 11-14 Complete each of the following statements (Questions 11-14) with words or number taken from Reading Passage 1.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
11. After January 2004, McDonald was making improvement following a period of slump in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were ………………………….
12. Business of McDonald in France and Britain was particularly good in December since customers took to ……………………………..
13. Compared with other countries, France is McDonald’s ………………………. next to America.
14. ……………………. of McDonald’s restaurants in America are companied–owned and the figure is much lower than that in Britain.