托福阅读备考技巧之教你如何精细阅读

托福阅读备考技巧, 教你如何精细阅读，今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读备考技巧,希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读备考技巧 教你如何精细阅读

美国教育大纲提出的精读要求

精读的目的主要还是希望学生阅读不要囫囵吞枣，而是有方法、有目的地从阅读中获取知识，锻炼自己的思辨能力。会要求学生：

1、理清文章的叙述、论证结构。

发现文章或书中最常见的这四种逻辑结构：

Cause and effect 因果关系

Problem and solution 问题和解决

Compare and contrast 比较和对比

Chronological order 时间顺序

学生需要特别注意文章中的一些“信号”词(signal words)，帮助发现内容之间的逻辑。

2、Ask Text-based Questions学会思考和问问题

另一个阅读要求就是要能够根据文章内容提问题、想问题、解决问题。比如三个层次的问题：基于事实的问题、分析性质的问题，(文章观点、文章结构、语言特色、文本类型等等)、引申性的问题(推断、主题、和自己过往经历和生活的关系等等。)这不就契合着托福阅读的细节题、推断题、主旨题……?!!

我们怎么备考托福阅读提升成绩&符合美国大学要求的能力?

首先我们要知道，托福阅读的精读最大的目的在于四点：

1、生词+学科核心生词

2、每道题涉及解题的同义替换

3、长难句的不回读训练

4、段落中心位置+文章架构的积累训练

1、生词+学科核心生词

大批量背完单词之后怎么能够让词汇的反应越来越快?怎么能够不断加深词汇印象?那一定就是做精读。还有就是有的同学对于一些学科话题十分恐慌，词汇不熟悉内容不了解，那么精读官方真题Official文章就是最好的相识办法。

像是生物类文章，如果能够精读几篇，再答生物类全都认识了。比如官方真题Official17《共生关系》里面的parasite, tapeworm, strain,vertebrate等词，精读过少量生物类文章，再去做Biological Clocks之类的文章就非常easy了，通篇可以快速读懂，准确定位，正确率超高。再如精读过官方真题Official12的Water in Desert，地质类词汇基底你就get到了，什么洼地泥沙石灰岩玄武岩山丘，只要考试出了地质类，百分之75以上的基底词汇你都是认识的，答题就自如多了。

2、每道题涉及解题的同义替换

大多数题目其实都是可以回归原文定位解答的。对于熟练掌握托福做题技巧的学霸们，阅读对他们来说就是按图索骥的过程。但是从题目中找到词汇回文章定位的时候你会发现，粗定位一个定位词，全文可能会出现多处。那么怎么办呢?俗话说：两点定一线，你的关键词/定位词，至少要画两个以上还要全都找到。建议大家在定位词之外加上一些限定词汇，这样有助于更准确的找到原文中的答案位置。

3、长难句不回读训练

俗话说“三行以上必出题”。这些三行以上的句子往往还就是拖慢我们阅读速度的罪魁祸首。单词都认识，可就是不理解，读着读着以为能茅塞顿开，结果却是把前面的内容忘记了。针对这个问题，推荐大家在练习阅读的阶段，拒绝回读，看到大长句子，习惯性切割主谓宾。如果有题在句子中，再去精读理解。

4、段落中心位置+文章架构的积累训练

修辞目的题和6选3题怎么做，主要靠精读的这个步骤实现。全文中心在哪?段落中心在哪?我们在第二三编阅读的时候要注意标注段落中心在段落中的位置、标注逻辑架构的连接词，准确的把握文章的整体思路。这样练习多了，就可做到对文章作预判，并且在阅读的过程中就可以很好的把握各段中心思想。

Read and Re-read你的托福文章的具体操作

第一遍： cold read，先把内容基本读下来。标注生词、难句等看不懂的地方。大概理解内容，限时阅读要尽量快速的读完并了解文章内容并做题不对答案。

第二遍： warm read，查阅词汇，标注意思后，再读一遍。读得仔细一些，加深理解，加强对文章的分析和思考。开始对逻辑框架的把握，可以标注一下逻辑连接词。第二遍做题后，对答案，发现前两遍答案的异同。

第三遍：hot read，透彻地理解内容，对文章进行全面的整合和分析;总结在第二次阅读后依旧出现错误的题目错误原因。根据正确答案回归原文寻找自己在找定位词时出现的问题。

像这样，找出几篇有代表性的官方真题Official内文章进行精细阅读，可以让我们把握托福出题的思路、掌握分类的词汇，了解一些相关的背景知识，这样在考试的时候就可以迅速定位、完美解题啦!.

托福阅读材料之如何延长友情保质期

1.Make time for friendships. Nothing makes closeness fade away more than never talking to or seeing each other. While some bonds of friendship may be strong enough to span long silences, most aren't. If you cherish a person's friendship, make time for him or her, whether it's just the occasional phone call, e-mail or a weekly get-together.

为朋友腾出时间。不交流，也不见面会让朋友日渐疏远。尽管有的友谊足够牢固，经得起长时间冷却，但大多数是不行的。如果你珍惜一人友情，就为他或她留出时间。不管是偶尔打个电话，或是发一封邮件，又或是周末聚会。

1)On your computer at home or work, make a note to "call friends" regularly.

在你公司或家里的电脑上贴个便条“给朋友打电话”。

2)Keep a Post-it note on the phone, the bathroom mirror, the car dashboard, anywhere you're likely to see it.

贴张便条在电话上，浴室的镜子上，或汽车挡板上，任何你可能看到的地方。

3)Also make sure your friends' phone numbers are programmed into your phone. Then call a friend when you have a spare 10 minutes.

确认你电话里存有朋友的电话号码，有空的时候给朋友打个电话。

4)Schedule a regular once-a-month lunch – same time, same place.

定期安排一个月一次的午餐，同一时间，同一地点。

2.Remember: a true friend doesn't flee when changes occur. Nothing is sadder for new parents than to find that their single friends have abandoned them because of the baby. A good friend is one who stays true through it all – marriage, parenthood, new jobs, new homes, any losses. Just because a situation's changed doesn't mean the person has.

记住：真正是朋友是在发生变故时仍留在你身边。没有什么比这更难过了，刚当爸妈却发现他们的单身朋友因为他们有了小孩就放弃了他们。好朋友是能够经历一切的：结婚，生儿育女，新工作，新家庭，任何损失。因为情况改变了并不意味人改变了。

3.Make sure you aren't being a burden to a friend. Friendships fade away if there isn't an equilibrium between the give and the take. Be sensitive to how much your friend can and can't offer you – be it time, energy or help – and don't overstep the mark. And vice versa: friendships that drain you will not last. If a friendship is out of balance, talk the situation through.

确保你不会成为朋友的负担。如果付出和回报不平衡，友谊会逐渐褪色。对于哪些朋友能给予哪些不能给予要很敏感—无论是时间，精力或帮助，不要逾越界限，反之亦然。拖后腿的友谊不会长久的。如果友谊失去了平衡，就要说出来。

4.Be a good listener. It can be the hardest thing in the world to do – simply to listen as he or she pours it all out or is seeking your advice or opinion. To be a better listener, follow this advice:

做一个好的聆听者。这也许是世界上最难的事情—只是听他或她的倾诉或是向你寻求建议。做一位好的聆听者，有以下建议：

1)Maintain eye contact. Offer nods and murmurs to indicate that you understand his or her point of view.

保持眼神交流。时不时的点头和低语表明你了解他的观点。

2)Don't finish your friend's sentences. If you catch yourself planning your response while your friend is still talking, gently remind yourself to focus.

不要插话。如果当朋友在讲话时你正准备回应，提醒你自己集中精力。

3)Minimize distractions – don't write or read e-mails, open the mail or watch television while you're on the phone to your friend. He or she will hear the lack of interest in your responses.

尽量减少分心—当你在接朋友电话时不要写或阅读电子邮件，打开邮件或看电视。他或她会在你的回答中听到冷漠。

4)Be careful with advice. Assume your friend wants to let off steam, not necessarily ask for a plan of action.

提供建议需谨慎。假使你的朋友只是想发泄不满，不一定是寻求行动的计划。

5.Be in your friend's corner if he or she's not there to defend him or herself. If you're at a gathering at which someone mentions your friend disparagingly, defend him or her against gossip or criticism. Say, "Mary is my friend, and it makes me feel bad to hear you talk this way." Sooner or later, news of your loyalty will travel back to your pal, and it will deepen your friendship.

当朋友不在场时要站出来为他们辩护。当你站在一群人中正在说你朋友的坏话，你要站出来为他辩护，说，“玛丽是我的朋友，你们这样说她，我感觉很不好。”早晚，你朋友会知道你对友情的忠诚，而且会加深你们的友谊。

托福阅读材料之国际空间站

The crew of the International Space Station have been forced to reduce power after half the cooling system suddenly shut down over the weekend.

Nasa officials insisted the three Americans and three Russians aboard were not in danger.

Urgent spacewalk repairs are being discussed for this week.

Without thermal controls，temperatures on the ISS‘s Sun-facing side can soar to 121C (250F)，plunging to minus 157C (-250F) on the dark side，Nasa says.

“There might be a comfortable spot somewhere in the middle of the station，but searching for it wouldn’t be much fun，” a statement on its website adds.

The station is now operating on a single string，the Associated Press reports，and has no safeguard in case of further cooling system failures.

Alarms sound

Trouble arose on Saturday night when one of the two ammonia-fed cooling loops shut down，triggering alarms throughout the ISS.

The two ammonia lines ensure that all the station‘s electronic equipment does not overheat.

Astronaut Tracy Caldwell Dyson set in motion equipment shutdown procedures and，with crewmate Douglas Wheelock，installed a jumper cable to keep all the rooms cool.

The Global Positioning System circuit，several power converters and a set of devices that route commands to various pieces of equipment were switched off.

Two of the four gyroscopes - part of the space station’s pointing and navigating system - were initially shut down but the crew installed a jumper cable to bring up a third gyroscope，leaving the station in a much more stable position，AP says.

Flight controllers tried to restart the disabled ammonia pump early on Sunday but the circuit breaker tripped again.

Any repairs later this week almost certainly will involve replacing the faulty ammonia pump，a difficult job that would require two spacewalks，AP adds.

“It‘s pretty clear that we’re going to want to have a course of action to take as quickly as possible，” Nasa spokesman Rob Navias said at the Johnson Space Center in Houston，Texas.

“This is not something we want to linger over.”

Two spare pumps are stored on the outside of the station. Two of the Americans on board are already scheduled to conduct a spacewalk on Thursday for routine maintenance.

No space shuttle visits to the ISS are planned before November.