托福阅读把握技巧长难句不再难
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托福阅读长难句 把握技巧长难句不再难
一.托福阅读难点分析
我们知道，托福阅读备考过程中，需要攻克的难点依次是词汇，语法以及逻辑，即得有一定的词汇量作为基础，熟悉一些语法知识，明白句子的逻辑关系，尤其是长难句的分析，还有就是篇章结构的训练，这三点对于提升阅读能力和分数必不可少。
二.托福阅读长难句解析
1.长难句难点解析
面对托福阅读中的句子，有的长达3-4行，且生词很多，即使学生词汇量准备充分，但对于句子还是不能准确理解，那问题是什么呢?其实，本质还是对于句子语序不理解导致的。
2.长难句分析方法
首先要明确，并不是每个难句我们都需要读懂。我们都知道托福是一门标准化考试，这意味着它的出题点一般都是不会变的，有规律可循。以前考过的知识点，以后肯定还会继续考查同种类型的;而以前没有考过的，那么以后肯定也就不会考了。按照我一贯的做事风格，肯定是要把难句的所有类型先全部列出来，然后再逐个去想应该如何解决。这样就可以保证我们在考试的时候遇到的每一个难句都能被清楚地归类，因为曾经训练过，所以虽然是新的题目，但却属于熟悉的类型，我们便可按照既定方法从容应对。
对于难度较大的托福阅读长难句，基本方法是确定句子的主、谓、宾，找出句子的主干，忽略其他的成分，将长句变成短句，托福阅读要学会将句型结构复杂的句子变成句型结构简单的句子。
(1)不定式及不定式短语做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语
例1.To hold people accountable for their actions is important.
中文译文：督促人们为自己的行为负责是十分重要的。
结构分析：不定式短语to hold people accountable for their action 做主语。
(2)动名词及动名词短语做主语、表语、宾语
例2. It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions，and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed.
中文译文：它涉及到探究深层次的关注，想出有创造性的解决方案，以及当利益矛盾时，做出交易和妥协。
结构分析：这是一个简单句。主语是it，谓语是involves，三个动名词短语做宾语(属于平行结构)。在阅读中经常出现“a and b”或“a or b”的形式，其中a 与b 同义或近义，所以只要认识其中一个词就能猜测出另一个词的大致意思。例如：trade-off and compromises。
(3)后置定语
例3. The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation，the act of communication intended to reach agreement.
中文译文：做这件事最常用的方法是谈判，一种想要达成一致的交流的行为。
结构分析：The most common procedure for doing this 是主语从句;过去分词短语intended to reach agreement 是the act of communication 的后置定语，the act of communication intended to reach agreement 是negotiation的同位语，对negotiation 进行解释。
Toefl阅读备考要分清主次
托福阅读备考用的是谁的单词书其实没有多大分别，你只要认认真真的把一本单词书背个70%，那也就差不多了，托福阅读的主要考察对象不是单词，只是透过单词来表达一种意思，只要你能猜出来这种意思并且在这个基础上把题答对，那么，对少单词都不是问题。
其次，对于难句长句的理解;还是要明白大意就好，但是要能够根据大意准确定位找到答案。大家可以专门找些难句和长句来进行有针对性的练习。把那些句子反复读，反复看，看上十几遍，觉得很通顺、觉得句子写得很好自己以后也要这么写了才算好。速度慢不是问题，但是坚持下来，大家对难句和长句的理解能力就好提高。
再次，大家在专门练习托福阅读题的时候，还是多看看OG;OG是非常有指向性的，而且那上面说的一些小技巧还是不错的。Delta上的题目要难一些，主要是有一些题目需要考生进行引申、做一些文学上的理解，当然这些在托福中是不会出现的。所以做题的时候不要想得太复杂，第一感觉是什么就选什么，很有效。
托福阅读是一场考试，大家不可能有时间，把文章理解透彻，也没必要。能够在可能的情况下找到答案就好。所以在托福阅读技巧中，不求甚解是最实用的。明白这篇文章是写什么的，文章的架构什么样，一般看看每段首句就好了。做题目是那就是定位了，其实跟答题有关的就那么一句或两句话，借助上下文帮助理解还是能够答对的。
托福阅读基本词汇的背诵及托福阅读答题技巧远远比托福专业及学术词汇的积累更加重要，考生在备考时需要分清主次。
托福阅读背景知识之肺部有味觉
Take a deep breath. Taste anything? Actually, your lungs may. Because scientists have discovered that the same receptors that exist on the tongue to taste bitter substances are also found on the smooth muscle of the lungs.
Researchers were studying the receptors on smooth lung muscles that regulate contraction and relaxation of theairways. That’s when they made the discovery—which was so unexpected that the researchers themselves were skeptical.
Finally, they became convinced that the receptors were really there, though not clustered in taste buds as they are on the tongue. The scientists then exposed human and mouse airways to various bitter compounds to gauge the effects.
Many toxic compounds are bitter, so the researchers expected the lung muscle to tense up and contract—to compel the breather to move away from whatever was bitter and perhaps toxic. But, in a second surprise, bitter compounds relaxed and opened airways better than any existing asthma drug. The study is in the journal Nature Medicine. "Bitter taste receptors on airway smooth muscle bronchodilate by localized calcium signaling and reverse obstruction".
Researchers will continue to search for the role of the receptors. Meanwhile, the work represents a surprising new lead in the search for drugs to treat asthma, emphysema or chronic bronchitis.—Cynthia Graber
托福阅读赏析之女人为什么爱哭
a little boy asked his mother “why are you crying?”一个男孩问他的妈妈：“ 你为甚么要哭呢?”
“because i‘m a woman，” she told him.妈妈说：“因为我是女人啊。”
“i don’t understand，” he said.男孩说：“我不懂。”
his mum just hugged him and said， ”and you never will“他妈妈抱起他说：”你永远不会懂得。”
later the little boy asked his father， ”why does mother seem to cry for no reason?“後来小男孩就问他爸爸：“妈妈为甚么毫无理由的哭呢?”
"all women cry for no reason， was all his dad could say.” “所有女人都这样。”他爸爸回答。
the little boy grew up and became a man， still wondering why women cry.小男孩长成了一个男人，但仍就不懂女人为甚么哭泣。
finally he put in a call to god; and when god got on the phone， he asked，"god， why do women cry so easily?"
最後，他打电话给上帝;当上帝拿起电话时，他问道：“上帝，女人为什么那么容易哭泣呢?”
god said： "when i made the woman she had to be special. i made her shoulders strong enough to carry the weight of the world; yet， gentle enough to give comfort“.上帝回答说：“当我创造女人时，让她很特别。我使她的肩膀能挑起整个世界的重担，并且又柔情似水。”
"i gave her an inner strength to endure childbirth and the rejection that many times comes from her children”.
“我让她的内心很坚强，能够承受分娩的痛苦和忍受自己孩子多次的拒绝。”
"igave her a hardness that allows her to keep going when everyone else gives up， and take care of her family through sickness and fatigue without complaining ".
“我赋予她耐心使她在别人放弃的时候继续坚持，并且无怨无悔的照顾自己的家人渡过疾病和疲劳。”
"i gave her the sensitivity to love her children under any and all circumstances， even when her child has hurt her very badly."
“我赋予她在任何情况下都会爱孩子的感情，即使她的孩子伤害了她。”
"i gave her strength to carry her husband through his faults and fashioned her from his rib to protect his heart.“
“我赋予她包容她丈夫过错的坚强和用他的勒骨塑成她来保护他的心。”
"i gave her wisdom to know that a good husband never hurts his wife， but sometimes tests her strengths and her resolve to stand beside him unfalteringly“.
“我赋予她智慧让她知道一个好丈夫是绝不会伤害他的妻子的，但有时我也会考验她支持自己丈夫的决心和坚强。”
"and finally， i gave her a tear to shed. this is hers exclusively to use whenever it is needed.“
“最後，我让她可以流泪。只要她愿意。这是她所独有的。”
"you see： the beauty of a woman is not in the clothes she wears， the figure that she carries， or the way she combs her hair.“
“你看，女人的漂亮不是因为她穿的衣服，她保持的体型或者她梳头的方式。”
"the beauty of a woman must be seen in her eyes， because that is the doorway to her heart the place where love resides.“
“女人的漂亮必须从她的眼睛中去看，因为那是她心灵的窗户和爱居住的地方。”
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