托福阅读提分要学会辨认这6大类错误选项
推荐文章
托福阅读的考试难点之一在于选项干扰，许多时候考生都是因为无法分清题目中的误导选项而被干扰了解题思路才会选错答案。今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读提分要学会辨认这6大类错误选项。希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读提分要学会辨认这6大类错误选项
托福阅读6大误导选项盘点
托福阅读中存在的误导选项主要有以下几类：
1. 偏题选项
这类选项比较隐蔽，其表现形式往往是内容本身是正确的，但说偏了没抓住重点，不是文章的主线。考生很容易跟正确选项混淆而选择它。不同于未提及项，这类选项在文中是有所涉及的，因此也更具有欺骗性，考生需要先明确题目所问问题才能避免被偏题项干扰思路。
2. 反义选项
有些题目本身比较长，加上一些否定和双重否定等，考生就容易理解错误，而特别设置的部分反义项，就往往会等着考生自己被绕晕了以后自投罗网。这些选项的特点是和其它选项的意思完全相反，乍看之下非常显眼，但实际上却并非正确答案。小编建议大家仔细读题，把反义否定等关系搞清楚再解答。
3. 错位选项
还有些错误选项，主题和修饰错位，或者把不相关的内容拼凑在一起，看似哪边都沾一点关系，其实本身却是错位选项，也很容易影响考生的判断。这种选项同样具有很强的干扰性，可能选项中部分选取了文章内容，但之后引导出的结论却和文章完全没有关系，也是考验大家对于文章细节记忆能力的干扰项，最好的应对方法是阅读过程中多做标记定位，解题时适当参考就可以避免错位混淆。
4. 极端选项
极端项其实是比较明显的错误干扰选项，常会使用一些代表主观判断的最高级词汇比如best/most/least，唯一性词汇比如only、alone或者比较级词汇比如better、worse等。这些选项表现出一种极端的不容否定的态度。看似很有道理其实却并正确。这类选项由于标志明显，所以熟悉套路以后反而很容易发现，考生也会主动去注意那些极端词汇，稍加留意就不会中招了。
5. 未提选项
这种错误选项陷阱也比较常见，故意给出一些看似很有联系的新信息点，说得头头是道，考生如果因为文章篇幅较长没有阅读全文，就会以为自己没看仔细，其实这些所谓的信息都是一些根本没有出现在文章中完全和题目无关的未提及选项。这类选项同样很好辨认，看似涉及到了细节，但实际上并没有在文章中提到，大家面对阅读要学会根据文章所提内容进行选择，千万不要自己想当然，只要能做到这点，那么这种类型的干扰错误选项就无用武之地了。
6. 主观选项
这种错误选项的制定思路是根据一些常识性的推断，引导考生做出的判断，其本身带有很强的主观性，而并不是客观的事实，如果考生不加注意就很容易被带歪思路。类似上文的未提项，这类主观项同样是建立在看似迎合实则错误引导考生思路的做法上的。大家在阅读过程中应学会以文章内容为主，不要想当然地去结合自己的经历经验进行联想。脚踏实地才能做好这类题目。
了解误导选项提升阅读解题速度
之所以要特别列出阅读中的错误选项，是因为这种选项对于考生阅读部分的正确率杀伤率极高。比起其它流程更短的部分比如听力或是口语，托福阅读要解题首先就要读文章，很多考生读完文章，特别是长篇文章后，本身思路已经有些混乱，再被这些干扰选项祸害一下，很容易就会出现连续错误。而许多考生对于托福阅读存在的畏惧情绪和心理阴影，其实也往往是由错误选项导致的。
托福阅读长难句练习：工业时代欧洲人口
In the early 1950’s，historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800)began ， for the first time in large numbers，to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite：the kings，generals，judges，nobles，bishops，and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.
= In the early 1950’s/，historians/ who studied preindustrial Europe/ (which we may define here as Europe/ in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800)/ began/， for the first time/ in large numbers/，to investigate more of the preindustrial European population/ than the 2 or 3 percent/ who comprised the political and social elite/：the kings，generals，judges，nobles，bishops，and local magnates/ who had hitherto/ usually filled history books.
#在二十世纪五十年代早期/，史学家们/研究前工业时代欧洲的/(我们可将其定义为欧洲/这一时期的约自1300至1800)/开始/，首次/很多人/，调查前工业时代欧洲人口/超出于百分之二或三的/那些人口(百分之二或三的)构成了政治与社会精英/：国王、将军、法官、贵族、主教、以及地方官/，他们曾经充斥于史学著作。
托福阅读长难句练习：美国黑人种族歧视
1. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “ racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
1、对于针对美国黑人的种族歧视，他的理论相对成立得较好，但是他将种族偏见如此定义：“在某一特定区域内的种族竞争中被普遍接受的一个种族所受到的基于种族的负面偏见。”可以看作也包含有对象加州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人等少数民族的敌视。
2. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of and so was crucial in sustaining — the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
2、加特曼确凿地说明黑人家庭的稳定鼓励了黑人文化遗产的传递和维护，这些遗产包括从一代传到另一代的民间传说，音乐，和宗教表述，这些遗产使非洲和美洲的奴隶们特色显著。
3. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on , is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.
3、即使社会系统的民间知识中像挣钱，花费，组织，婚嫁，政治活动的参与，以及战斗等等，都与从社会科学中衍生出来更加精细的社会系统描述相差不多，尽管它是建立在一个不太完善的个人经验上的模型。
. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people.
4、有几项措施可以采取，其中主要的是要所有宣布以保护动物利益为目标的组织都明确宣布他们对于人类所受到的暴力袭击表决坚定的立场、
5. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types, however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.
5、用其他方式来展示神经类型的细微差别也是可能的，然而，要证明脉冲质量和传导受到这些差别的影响还缺乏证据，看起来这些差别影响的是神经单元的发展形成方式。
6. According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge , and there is some evidence for this view.
6、根据这一理论，不是由感觉神经脉冲的质量来决定他们产生的各种神经感觉的，而是由他们被发射到大脑的哪一部位来决定的，对这一观点是有证据的。
7. The result of attrition is that, where the areas of the whole leaves follow a normal distribution, a bimodal distribution is produced, one peak composed mainly of fragmented pieces, the other of the larger remains.
7、磨擦的结果是，在叶面上服从正态分布的地方就会产生两种分布方式，顶点上主要是小块，其他的地方是小块，其他的地方是大块的地方。
8. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable difference of opinion.
8、圣经没有告诉我们罗马的数据统计者们怎样达到我们今天的经济预测的可靠性的，我们进一步思考的话，其中的意见上有很大的不同。
9. A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rays contracted cancer. 9、在英国进行的一项调查证实经常接受X光照射的脊椎关节炎患者癌症的百分比高得不正常。
10. Yet across the gulf of space, minds that are to our minds as ours are to those of the beasts that perish, intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic, regarded this earth with envious eyes, and slowly and surely drew their plans against us.
10、然而，穿过太空的港湾，那里的意识对于我们的来说就像我们的意识比动物的意识一样，冷酷广博而无情的智慧，用嫉妒的眼睛看作地球，慢慢地肯定会制定针对我们的计划。(翻译)
托福阅读长难句练习：私人雇主歧视现象
1. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater.
1、根据政府和私人雇主的性质来看，私人雇主更有可能采取歧视。
2. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.
2、这种化合物通过碳的释放来实现循环，主要依靠喜氧和厌氧细菌以及一些菌类的活动。
3. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t.
3、一场激烈的争论在一个女孩和一位少校中展开了，前者说女人们已经不再“看到老鼠就从椅子上跳起来”了，而后者说她们依然那样。
4. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.
4、他们在尝试寻找是否我们教授孩子们语言的方法中有阻碍孩子们迅速学习语言的东西。
5. Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos.
5、使用计算机来拷贝大脑工作方式的数学家们发现即使使用最先进的电子设备，他们也要建造一台超过10，000公斤的计算机。
6. Since different people like to do so many different things in their spare time, we could make a long list of hobbies, taking in everything from collecting matchboxes and raising rare fish, to learning about the stars and making model ships.
6、既然不同的人们在他们的业余时间做不同的事情，我们可以列出一长串爱好列表，包括从收集火柴盒到养珍稀鱼类以及学习星学和制造航模等各种消遣。
7. They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open by its warm breath, so they will wait beside the hole and kill it.
7、他们知道在冰面下面游泳的海豹呼吸的热气会使冰面上出现洞口，于是他们就在洞旁守侯并捕杀海豹。
8. We may be able to decide whether someone is white only by seeing if they have none of the features that would mark them clearly as a member of another race.
8、只要一个人没有属于其他人种的明显的特征，我们就可以判断他是否属于白色人种。
9. Although signs of dishonesty in school , business and government seem much more numerous in years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty?
9、尽管在学校，企业和政府中不诚实的欺诈行为近年来比以往都要多，大那也许是因为我们在这些方面加大了揭露的力度。
10. It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the theory of independence, but of rejecting its implications: that the romances may be taken in any or no particular order, that they have no cumulative effect, and that they are as separate as the works of a modern novelist.
10、并不是与独立理论不一致，而是与其应用不相符合：爱情小说可以以任何一种形式展现或者根本没有特殊的规律，他们没有累积效果，就象现代小说家的作品一样独立。