雅思阅读常见概念题的解题方法

若水1147由分享时间：2020-09-02 01:09:14

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雅思阅读常见概念题的解题方法

如何解雅思阅读概念题?今天小编给大家带来了雅思阅读常见概念题的解题方法，希望可以帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

雅思阅读常见概念题的解题方法

一、什么是概念题

雅思阅读中的概念题是指理解性的题型，主要考察大家理解信息的能力。同学们只有理解文章大意，读懂题目涉及到的原文，尤其是长难句，正确理解题目的核心信息，才能做好这类题。雅思阅读中的概念题有段落大意题、文章主旨或者最佳标题题、判断题(Yes/no/notgiven)、分类题、句子完成题和摘要题。

二、常见概念题的解题方法

1、段落大意题：是雅思阅读中常见的题型，主要就是将一些小标题和文章段落大意成功匹配，主要考查大家对文章各段落的理解能力和词汇同义替换能力。常见的出题形式为Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below。

遇到这类题，有的同学是先看小标题，再去浏览文章，这样子的做题效率不高。因为小标题一般少的也有五六个，多的可能就十个左右，大家将所有小标题的关键词记住难度是蛮大的。而且有四分之一左右的小标题都是干扰项，影响大家的做题速度。这类题的正确的做题方法就是浏览一个段落，掌握我段落大意，然后再从众多选项中通过同义替换词汇，成功配对一个小标题。更为具体的段落大意题做题方法大可以点击查看雅思阅读标题对应题该如何做

2、摘要题：雅思阅读中的摘要题是常见的填空题中的一种，主要考察大家的定位能力和对原文句子的理解能力。常见的出题形式有两种：一种是不带词汇表格的摘要题——Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer;一种是带词汇表格的摘要题——Complete the summary below using words from the box. NB You may use any word more than once。

遇到这类题，大家先看题目要求，有的时候题目会给出答案寻找的范围，比如说在最后一段、或者倒数第二段等等，帮助大家缩小定位范围。然后再从题目中寻找一些关键词，到原文中更精确的定位。如果是不带词汇表格的摘要题，填写的时候要注意字数的要求和语法属性;如果是带词汇表格的摘要题，选择的时候要注意单词的语法属性和原文的意思是否一样。因为经常会出现和原文中一模一样但是却不符合语法属性的词汇来迷惑大家，正确答案通常是符合语法属性的同义替换词汇。更多有关摘要题的做题方法大家可以参考雅思阅读摘要题备考注意事项

3. 判断题(Yes/no/notgiven)：判断题有两种，一种是对文章细节的判断题(True/false/not given)，这类题考试频率很高，属于细节题;我们要讲的是另一类判断题(Yes/no/notgiven)，主要是对作者观点、看法的一些判断，这类题属于概念题。常见的出题形式为Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

这类题的主要做题方法，就是根据具体题目中的关键词，到原文中定位。然后仔细阅读原文，理解作者所要表达的意思，再和选项进行比较，看看两者表述是否一致。如果一直，就是yes，如果是原文相反，就是false，如果原文中没有提到，就是true。更为具体的作者观点的判断题讲解大家可以参考盘点雅思阅读判断题注意事项

雅思阅读如何高效读文章

1. 掌握文章结构

如果我们掌握了雅思阅读的三大类文章结构——介绍说明类、问题解决类和实验研究类，那么在考试中遇到结构相似的文章就可以判断出自己需要的信息大概在文章的哪个位置，提高大家的做题速度。

介绍说明类的文章一般都是先引出主题，然后就按照事物发展顺序来介绍，所用语言多是客观性的描述，最后通常是总结一下这个现象或事件的意义。比如说，剑桥真题中的what do whales feel?、alternative medicine in australia、Johnson's dictionary等都是这类文章。

问题解决类的文章同样是先引出主题，然后就对问题产生的原因和影响进行分析，最后就是提出一些合适的应对措施或者目前没有合适的办法，需要寄希望于未来。这类文章多是对于一些社会、环保自然等一些消极方面的现象的分析，比如说剑桥真题中的the truth about the environment、endless harvest、disappearing delta等。

实验研究类的文章更为固定，一般先介绍实验目的、实验对象和实验条件，然后就是实验过程和实验的关键部分，最后就是分析数据，得出结论。剑桥真题中的类似的文章有visual symbols and the blind、nature or nurture、the effects of light on plant and animal species等。更为具体的对三类文章结构的讲解大家可以参考雅思阅读文章的三个精品结构

2. 熟悉文章背景知识

大家生活中肯定都有这样的经验，看自己熟悉领域的文章会比较快，比较容易理解;遇到不熟悉的文章，就会降低阅读速度，以求能理解文章。雅思阅读备考也是一样。如果我们能够熟悉积累众多不同题材文章的背景知识，那自己面对不同类型的文章都能阅读的很快。比如说，你经常看太空方面的科技知识，那在考试中遇到同样题材的文章，由于对背景知识的熟悉、对专业术语的熟悉，那阅读的速度就可以既快又准确。

我们通常都是通过雅思阅读的题源来学习积累相关的背景知识。常见的题源有：New Scientist、The Economist、American Scientist、Scientific American和National Geographic。更为具体的雅思阅读题源的备考方法大家可以参考雅思阅读文章有哪些来源

3. 标记重点内容

雅思阅读浏览文章的过程中，还有一个非常重要的技巧需要给大家分享，那就是——学会做笔记。我们知道，雅思阅读文章会有一些常见的考点，比如说段落大意、人名配对、对长难句的理解、文章主题、一些事件流程等。如果我们在略读文章的时候，就将这些重点信息标记出来，那做题的时候不仅方便定位，甚至可以直接做题。比如说，你划出了各段的主题句，那就可以直接和小标题进行匹配，是不是感觉做题速度大大提高了呢?具体的做笔记的方法大家可以参考雅思阅读做题记笔记的重要性

雅思阅读练习题：Are cats selfish?

Are Cats Selfish?

It's six in the morning and your cat puts a paw on your eyelid. "It's time to wake up," she seems to be saying. She couldn't give a monkey's how tired you are(她可不在乎你有多困). She wants feeding.

There's a widespread perception that everything cats do is just a little self-serving, a touch self-centred. In a word, selfish. But not content with(不满足于)idle stereotypes(刻板印象), we put this little question – are cats selfish? – to the BBC Earth audience.

Some of you didn't like the question at all. "Selfish is a human trait(特征)," argued Ann Halim. "'Selfish' is hard to apply to any animal other than humans," agreed Kevin Bonin.

It certainly is hard, but that has never stopped us trying.

In his 1871 book The Descent of Man, Charles Darwin argued that animal minds are similar to ours in many ways. "The difference in mind between man and the higher animals…is certainly one of degree and not kind," he wrote.(他写道，“没有疑问，人类和比较高级的动物在思维方面的差异只是一个度的问题，而不是类别问题”)。

If that's true, then surely a cat – or any other higher animal – might meet the Oxford Dictionary's definition of selfish: being "concerned chiefly with one's own personal profit or pleasure."

Many of you identified with(同意)the idea that cats are out for themselves.

"Are cats selfish??? That's like asking has the pope got a balcony?!" says Jane Ramsden. "Let's just say, there is an I in kitty," says Dan Okeneski. "Cats are entirely self-serving," says Frankathon Dirabis. "It's a good thing they are cute and furry."

Gina Darlin Strange's cat has clear views about where she sleeps. "If the Sun is shining across my bed in the morning and my daughter's in the afternoon, she demands total access to it and will get an attitude if you move her," she says.(她说：“如果太阳早上照在我的床上，下午照在我女儿的床上，她会要求全部占有，你要是赶她走，她就会变脸。”)

Annette Jeneane Behnke-Park's cat is constantly seeking attention. "She tries to get us to play tag, wants what we have for food, wants my spot on the chair, loves to lay across me at night," she says.

Some correspondents also report their cats showing signs of selfishness towards other cats.

"Hector will steal treats from Harvey without fail if given the chance," says Marlee Lütz. Vijaya Shadrak's tomcat began to urinate(小便)wherever two other cats in her home liked to rest. "Now he is scaring them," she says. Bad kitty.

However, most of the people who responded say that selfishness is not a trait they recognise in their cats.

Instead, a lot of cat-lovers describe what appear to be altruistic(利他的) acts on the part of their pets. Altruism is defined as "selfless concern for the well-being of others."

How else are we to interpret the domestic cat's habit of gift-giving? This is how Chris R. Ainsworth sees his cat's tendency to leave a "decapitated mouse/bunny/bird/chipmunk/squirrel" on his doorstep.

This generosity(慷慨)of spirit does not always involve dead animals. Sarah Pratt's cats fetch her live animals, as well as ice cubes and hair ties. "They're nice that way," she says. Similarly, Mary Jozwiak's cats drop their toys outside her bedroom.

A lot of cats also seem to be in tune with the emotional state of their owners.

Jacqueline Tong recounts how her cat kept her company throughout 19 long hours of labour, "licking my face between every contraction".

David Penn once knew a kitten that comforted him during a bad tooth infection by curling up on his cheek and purring him to sleep.

Jessica Natasha A's cat Gina would always be there to comfort someone if they were sad.

Stories like these suggest that cats are not always as cold and calculating(工于算计的)as they are commonly portrayed.

To make sense of the complex suite of behaviours displayed by domestic cats, we have to think about their origins, says Eva Leighton. "Domestic cats still have strong basic instincts and one of them is wariness(谨慎)and self-preservation(自我保护)."

We know that cats are descended from the wildcat (Felis silvestris). Wildcats are intensely solitary(孤独的)creatures, so it makes sense that domestic cats are also happy in their own company.

We might expect that the process of domestication(驯养)would root out that spirited independence. But cats were not domesticated in the same way as other animals, with humans carefully choosing which ones to breed from and which traits to encourage. (我们也许认为，驯养的过程会让猫失去那种强烈的独立感。然而，猫的驯养却不似其他动物。在驯养其他动物时，人类会仔细挑选喂养哪些动物，或鼓励保留哪些特性。)

Instead, cats were probably responsible for their own domestication.

"It's better to think of cats the way you think of mice and rats and sparrows and pigeons," says Carlos Driscoll, a geneticist at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in Rockville, Maryland, USA.

A 2007 genetic analysis by Driscoll and his colleagues reveals that all domesticated cats are descended from wildcats that lived in and around the Fertile Crescent, precisely the spot where humans began to settle more than 10,000 years ago.

"These settlements were completely new ecological environments and animals that were plucky(勇敢的)enough to investigate…did very well," says Driscoll. Wildcats were likely one of these species, drawn into an urban niche(位置) by an abundance of easy prey and an absence of big predators.(野猫可能就是这类物种之一，吸引它们进入城市空间的原因是这里有大量的容易捕获的猎物，同时还没有大捕食动物存在。)

"All these animals had to do was become behaviourally adept at living with people," says Driscoll. But importantly, "there was no selection against them hunting, or against them finding their own mates, or against them finding places to build their own nests in a rubbish heap." (然而，重要的是，“它们不需要因为猎食，求偶，或者在垃圾堆里找地方筑巢而受自然选择法则支配”)

This may account for the range of behaviours displayed by the BBC Earth cats. "Some will be more like their wildcat ancestors(祖先)and show [a] much more solitary, independent existence," says Driscoll. "Others, on the other side of the spectrum(谱系), are doting on(宠爱)their human companions."

Given all this variation(变化), it really is hard to give a clear answer to the question of whether cats are selfish. Instead, we'll conclude with the wise words of Gata Bela: "Cats are simply adorable!"

Vocabulary

be not content with… 不满足于……

stereotype 固定印象;刻板印象

trait 特征

identify with 认可，同意

urinate 小便

altruistic 利他的

generosity 慷慨

calculating 工于算计的

wary 小心翼翼的

self-preservation 自我保护

solitary 孤独的