最新托福阅读真题

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托福阅读真题1

PASSAGE 37

A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker. The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual, and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate unsureness or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the conversant's tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.

Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person's self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed. ‍

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The function of the voice in performance

(B) The connection between voice and personality

(D) The production of speech

2. What does the author mean by stating that, At interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen (lines 9-10)?

(A) Feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are.

(B) The tone of voice can carry information beyond the meaning of words.

(D) Feelings are more difficult to express than ideas.

3. The word Here in line 10 refers to

(A) interpersonal interactions

(B) the tone

(D) words chosen

4. The word derived in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) discussed

(B) prepared

(D) obtained

5. Why does the author mention artistic, political, or pedagogic communication in line 17?

(A) As examples of public performance

(B) As examples of basic styles of communication

(D) To introduce the idea of self-image

6. According to the passage , an exuberant tone of voice, may be an indication of a person's

(A) general physical health

(B) personality

(D) vocal quality

7. According to the passage , an overconfident front may hide

(A) hostility

(B) shyness

(D) strength

8. The word drastically in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) frequently

(B) exactly

(D) easily

9. The word evidenced in line 25 is closest in meaning to

(A) questioned

(B) repeated

(D) exaggerated

10. According to the passage , what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?

(A) lethargy

(B) depression

(D) anger

PASSAGE 37 BBADA BBCCD

托福阅读真题2

PASSAGE 38

During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The surge often progresses along a glacier like a great wave, proceeding from one section to another. Subglacial streams of meltwater might act as a lubricant, allowing the glacier to flow rapidly toward the sea. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill. Surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. However, many of these glaciers exist in the same area as normal glaciers, often almost side by side.

Some 800 years ago, Alaska's Hubbard Glacier advanced toward the sea, retreated, and advanced again 500 years later. Since 1895, this seventy-mile-long river of ice has been flowing steadily toward the Gulf of Alaska at a rate of approximately 200 feet per year. In June 1986, however, the glacier surged ahead as much as 47 feet a day. Meanwhile, a western tributary, called Valerie Glacier, advanced up to 112 feet a day. Hubbard's surge closed off Russell Fiord with a formidable ice dam, some 2,500 feet wide and up to 800 feet high, whose caged waters threatened the town of Yakutat to the south.

About 20 similar glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska are heading toward the sea. If enough surge glaciers reach the ocean and raise sea levels, west Antarctic ice shelves could rise off the seafloor and become adrift. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The additional sea ice floating toward the tropics would increase Earth's albedo and lower global temperatures, perhaps enough to initiate a new ice age. This situation appears to have occurred at the end of the last warm interglacial (the time between glacations), called the Sangamon, when sea ice cooled the ocean dramatically, spawning the beginning of the Ice Age.

1. What is the main topic of the passage ?

(A) The classification of different types of surge glaciers

(B) The causes and consequences of surge glaciers

(D) The history of a particular surge glacier

2. The word intervals in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) records

(B) speeds

(D) periods

3. The author compares the surging motion of a surge glacier to the movement of a

(A) fish

(B) wave

(D) boat

4. Which of the following does the author mention as a possible cause of surging glaciers?

(A) The decline in sea levels

(B) The occurrence of unusually large ocean waves

(D) The pressure of meltwater underneath the glacier

5. The word freeing in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) pushing

(B) releasing

(D) draining

6. According to the passage , the Hubbard Glacier

(A) moves more often than the Valerie Glacier

(B) began movement toward the sea in 1895

(D) has moved as fast as 47 feet per day

7. Yakutat is the name of

(A) an Alaskan town

(B) the last ice age

(D) an Antarctic ice shelf

8. The word plunge in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) drop

(B) extend

(D) drift

9. The term vicious cycle in line 24 refers to the

(A) movement pattern of surge glaciers

(B) effect surge glaciers could have on the temperature of tropical areas

(D) constant threat surge glaciers could pose to the Gulf of Alaska

10. The author provides a definition for which of the following terms?

(A) tributary (line 15)

(B) ice dam (line 16)

(D) interglacial(line 26)

11. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?

(A) The movement of surge glaciers can be prevented.

(B) The next ice age could be caused by surge glaciers.

(D) Normal glaciers have little effect on Earth's climate.

PASSAGE 38 BDBDB DAACD B

托福阅读真题3

PASSAGE 39

The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment. In addition to their sophisticated technical culture, they also attained one of the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the world.

In a division of labor similar to that of the hunting peoples in the interior and among foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women processed the catch. Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish that lived closer to shore. They collected oysters, crabs, sea urchins, mussels, abalone, and clams, which they could gather while remaining close to their children. The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided food, but also supplied more of the raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men. Of particular importance for the native tool kit before the introduction of metal was the wide knife made from the larger mussel shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made from other marine shells.

The women used their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in by the men. They cleaned the fish, and dried vast quantities of them for the winter. They sun-dried fish when practical, but in the rainy climate of the coastal area they also used smokehouses to preserve tons of fish and other seafood annually. Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the meat, and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils.

After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes to provide protein and thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long trips. The woman also made a cheese-like substance from a mixture of fish and roe by aging it in storehouses or by burying it in wooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree leaves.

1. Which aspect of the lives of the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast does the passage

mainly discuss?

(A) Methods of food preservation

(B) How diet was restricted by the environment

(D) Difficulties in establishing successful farms

2. The word unique in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) comprehensible

(B) productive

(D) particular

3. The word attained in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) achieved

(B) modified

(D) spread

4. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the social organization of many agricultural peoples is

(A) more complex than that of hunters and foragers

(B) less efficient than that of hunters and foragers

(D) better documented than that of hunters and foragers

5. According to the passage , what is true of the division of labor mentioned in line 5?

(A) It was first developed by Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast.

(B) It rarely existed among hunting

other peoples.

(D) It provided a form of social organization that was found mainly among coastal peoples.

6. The word abundant in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) prosperous

(B) plentiful

(D) fundamental

7. All of the following are true of the north Pacific coast women EXCEPT that they

(A) were more likely to catch shellfish than other kinds of fish

(B) contributed more materials for tool making than the men did

(D) prepared and preserved the fish

8. The word They in line 16 refers to

(A) women

(B) tools

(D) men

9. The Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast used smokehouses in order to

(A) store utensils used in food preparation

(B) prevent fish and shellfish from spoiling

(D) prepare elaborate meals

10. The wore peculiar in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) strange

(B) distinctive

(D) biological

11. All of following are true of the cheese-like substance mentioned in paragraph 4 EXCEPT that it

was

(A) made from fish

(B) not actually cheese

(D) made in a short period of time

PASSAGE 39 CDAAC BCABB D

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