美国历届总统简介：第19任总统 陆斯佛得•比察•海斯

美国历届总统简介：第19任总统 陆斯佛得•比察•海斯

Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in Ohio in 1822. He was the 19th President of the United States. He studied at Harvard Law School and then worked as a lawyer for five years. In 1850, he moved to Cincinnati, where he flourished as a young Whig lawyer. He gained a healthy political reputation for defending fugitive slaves and was nominated for several senior legal positions.

1822年，陆斯佛得·比察·海斯出生于俄亥俄州。他是美国第19任总统。他曾就读于哈佛法学院，之后做了五年的律师。1850年，他搬到了辛辛那提，在那里他成长成为了一名年轻的辉格党律师。因反对奴隶制度而赢得了良好的政治声誉，这让他提名了许多法律要员。

He fought in the Civil War, was wounded in action five times. He earned a reputation for bravery and rose to the rank of major general. While still in the Army, Cincinnati Republicans ran him for the House of Representatives. He accepted the nomination and was elected by a heavy majority. Hayes entered Congress in December 1865. Between 1867 and 1876 he served three terms as Governor of Ohio.

他参加了内战，并受伤了5次。他赢得了英勇的称号，并晋升为了少将。在军队期间，辛辛那提的共和党人让他竞选众议院议员。他接受了提名，并以绝对优势选举。1865年，海斯进入了国会。1867-1876年之间，他担任了三届俄亥俄州州长。

In 1876, Hayes ran against Samuel J. Tilden in the closest election race in U.S. history. Disputes over the vote counting meant that if all the disputed votes went to Hayes, he would win; a single one would electTilden. Hayes was elected days before inauguration day after a compromise with the Democrats that he wouldremove all federal troops from the South. The final electoral vote was 185 to 184.

1876年，海斯与塞缪尔·蒂尔登进行了一场美国历史上实力最为接近的选举。这场唱票之争意味着如果所有的争议投票归海斯所有，那么他将获胜；有一票是投给蒂尔登的。选举之后的几天之后，海斯进行了就职演说，在这之前他向民主党进行了妥协，移除了在南方的所有联邦军队。最终的投票结果是185比184。

Hayes pledged protection of the rights of black slaves in the South. He hoped the withdrawal of troops there would lead to reconciliation. Many Southern leaders approved of Hayes’ economic policies and financialconservatism. He reformed the civil service and saw the beginning of an era of greater prosperity. He leftoffice in 1881 and died of a heart attack at his home in January 1893, aged 70.

海斯承诺保护南方黑人奴隶的权利。他希望退军能够促成和解。许多南方的领导人赞成海斯的经济政策和财政保护主义。他重新改革了公务员制度，美国开启了繁荣的新时代。1881年。海斯离任，1893年，在家中死于心脏病，享年70岁。