2020托福口语结构分析
在托福准备的过程中，想要让自己的托福口语备考过程更加流利完美，考生需要注意哪些事情呢?下面小编就和大家分享 用5层汉堡包结构完美演绎托福口语，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。
用5层汉堡包结构完美演绎托福口语
S1 Which of the following creative activities do you feel like to get involved in? 1. Pottery making 2. Writing 3. Art creation
5层汉堡包结构
考生在面对此类问题，首先要采用经典的汉堡包式作为大体结构，第一步陈述观点，第二步提供支持信息，第三步排除其他选项，第四步同为排除其他选项，第五步总结。括号内为篇幅大致占比。
Say you like A. (5%)
Explain why A is good. (50%)
Say why you don’t like B. (20%)
Say why you don’t like C. (20%)
Wrap it up. (5%)
范文
I’d like to join a writing acitivity.
Writing has been a huge problem for me. It happens very often in writing classes that I don’t even understand the question. Even if I get the meaning of the prompt, it is always difficult to come up with ideas and develop those ideas into a complete five-paragraph essay. So if a writing activity really helps, it’s definitely worth trying.
I know pottery making is fun, but it feels bad to get my hands dirty and get my t-shirts stained.
As for art creation, it simply sounds too complicated.
So again, a writing activity will be a good choice for me.
范文分析
通常第二部分对于考生是难点，这篇范文结构上使用了“描述问题——提出解决方案”的结构，通过If条件句来佐证自己的观点，充实内容(well-developed)。
Come up with, definitely worth trying, get my hands dirty等搭配用法，不仅在句型上多样化，而且使表达更加地道。
I'd like, I know, it sounds, so again等词组能让整个片段听上去更加合理通顺，文脉清晰，让考官觉得有理有据，即使不用那些难懂的词汇。
所有内容搭建在5层汉堡包的框架上，组织得当。口语用词不需要很难，尽量多用phrasal verbs。内容联系自身实际，言之有物。结构可以照搬汉堡包，反复练习达到自然表达。
托福口语评分标准解析|从零开始
相信学习过托福的同学都知道托福口语部分总共有6个任务，单项总分为30分。那么这30分是怎么评出来的呢?rater会根据考生的回答打出0-4分的原始分数，注意rater打出的分数均为整数，不存在3.4、2.6等小数，六道题目的分数加总后求出平均分，再根据以下分数换算表进行一定的转换得到最终的分数。
在讲解具体每一个分数的具体要求前我们先来回顾一下托福口语评分标准三大维度，它们分别是delivery、language use 以及topic development。我们来看一下官方指南上对于这三点的解释。
01 Delivery
Delivery ：How clear your speech is. Good responses are those in which the speech is fluid and clear, with good pronunciation, natural pacing, and natural-sounding intonation patterns
语言表达：考生是否能做到清晰的表达，好的表达应该流畅清晰、发音正确、语速适中、语音语调自然。
02 Language use
Language use：How effectively you use grammar and vocabulary to convey your ideas. Raters will be listening for how well you can control both basic and more complex language structures and use appropriate vocabulary.
语言运用：考生是否能有效使用英文语法和词汇来表达自己的观点。评分人会考察考生能否熟练运用简单和复杂的语言结构和恰当的词汇。
03Topic development
Topic development：How fully you answer the question and how coherently you present your ideas. Good responses generally use all or most of the time allotted, and the relationship between ideas and the progression from one idea to the next is clear and easy to follow.
话题发展：考生是否能完成命题所要求的所有任务，表达是否连冠一致。好的表达应该在规定时间内完成，并且能够让评分人很容易听出各个观点之间的关系和思路之间的衔接。
搞清楚三大评分维度之后，我们快来看一下ets给出的托福独立口语四分评分标准的相关内容。
回答概述：回答满足了任务的要求。允许考生在答题过程中出现一些小错误。回答清晰明了并且连贯流畅
这一分数的回答具有以下列出的所有特点：
语言表达：总体上语速适中，语言清晰流畅。存在一些小的失误或发音和语调上的小问题。但是并不影响整体的可理解性。
语言使用：回答显示考生能够有效地运用语法和词汇，回答存在较高程度的自主性并且能够很好地掌握基本和复杂的句式结构。回答允许出现一些明显的小错误，但不会混淆意思。
话题发展：回答一直在持续并且充分满足了题目要求。总体上话题展开比较充分而且具有连贯性。论点之间的关系清楚明了。
我们将以上内容做一总结：
由此可见四分回答也并不是完美无暇的，高分回答也可能会犯一些小错误，只要不影响整体回答的完整性和可理解性即可。下面我们来看一道例题帮助大家更好的理解评分标准。
Some universities require first year students to live in dormitories on campus. Others allow students to live off campus. Which policy do you think is better and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
Sample 1
I think the better policy is to make student live in the dorm, because the first year student live in the dorm...because I think they can be safer first, because they are from...most are come from other town, so they don’t really know the environment. so...I think it safer. huh...Moreover I think they can make friends in the dorm so they can have good relationship to know on the...on the university’s...is...I mean...they know better the environment. Especially they don’t have cars...
Sample 2
Um... I think it’s better for the first- year students to live on campus rather than off campus. Main reason because they are new to the city and it’s safer for them to live on campus where there’s more security. Because they don’t know much about the city in the first place. Uh... Second of all, it helps them to become more familiar with the surroundings where they have to study. It also helps them to meet new people. Living in the dorm encourages friendships with people who you might not...um...seem very comfortable with first time. And it helps to meet new people, it helps to doing with the seniors if any live in the dorm.
托福口语评分标准解析|实例详解
题目：
Some universities require first year students to live in dormitories on campus. Others allow students to live off campus. Which policy do you think is better and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
sample 1
I think the better policy is to make student live in the dorm, because the first year student live in the dorm, because I think they can be safer first, because they are from most of them are come from other town, so they don’t really know the environment. so I think it safer. huh, moreover I think they can make friends in the dorm so they can have a good relationship to know on the, on the university’s is, the goal I mean, they know better the environment. Especially they don’t have cars.
sample 2
I think it’s better for the first year students to live on campus rather than off campus. Main reason because they are new to the city and it safer for them to live on campus where there’s more security. Because they don’t know much about the city in the first place. Second of all, it helps them to become more familiar with the surroundings where they have to study. It also helps them to meet new people. Living in the dorm encourages friendships with people who you might not seem very comfortable with first time. And it helps to meet new people, it helps to interact with the seniors if any live in your dorm.
现在来公布正确答案，sample 2是满分回答，不知道大家有没有回答正确呢?
我们来分析一下为什么能够拿到4分
01 Delivery
虽然有一些口音，但是整体清晰流畅，连贯性好，发音不错，很容易让人听懂speaker表达的内容。
02 Language use
词汇使用恰当，语法能够准确表达观点，句子结构完整并且具有一定的多样性。
03 Topic development
答案结构完整，考生能够恰当地回答了问题，并且有一定的细节来支撑自己的观点。
以上三点均能满足，所以sample 2为满分回答。
那么大家可以猜测一下sample response1是多少分呢?
Sample 1在实际考试中拿到了3分，在讲解为什么这个回答是三分之前，我们还是先来学习一下ets 给出的3分评分标准的具体内容, 判断一下sample 1是否满足我们3分评分细则。
回答概述
回答能够恰当地完成题目，但是缺乏充分的细节展开。回答大体上清晰明了、逻辑连贯，但是在表达论点上有一些明显的失误。这一分数的回答至少包括右边所列的两个特点：
语言表达
回答总体清晰流畅，但是发音、语调或语速上存在一些小错误，听者需要时不时地努力去听才能理解。(尽管并没有严重地影响回答的清晰度)
语言运用
回答显示考生基本能够有效自主地使用语法和词汇，并连贯地表达相关论点。回答存在一些不准确的用词或错误的语法结构，并且句式多样性也很有限。这或许影响总体的流利性，但是并不会严重地影响信息的表达。
话题发展
回答总体上持续连贯，并表达了相关论点和信息。但是论点展开受限，通常缺乏对论点的充分展开和具体的细节，论点之间的关系有时不清楚。
Sample 1
01 Delivery
有一些发音上的小错误，回答停顿处稍多，但基本不影响整体理解
02 Language use
有一定的语法错误，词汇和句式稍受限，但基本不影响理解
03 Topic development
答案结构较为完整，回答了问题，并给出了一定的理由，但是缺乏细节支撑
由此可见sample response 1是满足3分评分标准的。虽然不是满分也有一定的缺陷，但也是一个不错的成绩，因为如果我们在speaking section中的6道题都能拿到3分，最后的口语总分也有23分。
希望今天讲解完这两个口语回答后，大家能对3分和4分评分标准有更深入的了解，并且对我们独立口语也要充满信心，因为满分回答也不是完美无暇的，拿到3分也是比较容易的 只要我们answer the question给出你的答案，keep talking 说满45秒，基本就有三分，如果想拿4分的话 give realated details。
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2020托福口语结构分析
