托福听力中的重听题出题思路和解题技巧全面指点
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托福听力中的重听题出题思路和解题技巧全面指点
托福听力中重听题每场考试都会出现，而且一般作为压轴出场，因此很多考生假如前面听得一头雾水没有发挥好就很容易做错重听题。今天小编给大家带来托福听力中的重听题出题思路和解题技巧全面指点，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福听力中的重听题出题思路和解题技巧全面指点
托福听力重听题基本介绍
重听题就是在题目中将录音某部分的内容再放一遍，让考生重新听，之后考生根据自己重新听到的内容来解题。
这种题型属于测试考生实际理解的能力，包括说话者对某一事物和态度的看法以及说话者的目的。因此从这个意义上说这种题型也是推断题、目的题和态度题。
重听题一般是一篇题目里的最后一题，每次考试大约会考察2-4道重听题。重听题有一个非常明显的标志，即题目中会有一个耳机的符号，因此非常容易辨认。
托福听力重听题提问方式
先通过问法来判断题型，从而对应笔记，找考点位置和答案。
常见问法有以下几种：
1.态度类
①Why did sb. say / ask this?
②What's the purpose of one's statement?
2.推断类
①What did he mean?
②What does the professor mean when he says this?
③What can be inferred when he says this?
④What can be inferred from the speaker's statement when he says this?
⑤What does the man imply when he said this?
态度类，这一类题目问法比较直观，一般是问说话人为什么这么说，或者这么说的目的是什么。第二类是推断类，这一类问法需要考生对文章特定内容进行一定的推断，才能得出答案。
托福听力重听题实例讲解
1.语气重听
语气重听常见的考点位置有：
①有人提问时
②出现Really?/Wow!/Oh, my God! 等特殊语气时
③重读
下面我们来看几道例题：
E.G. 官方真题Official 8 conversation 2
Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the student say this:
A).To introduce a personal story about exercising.
B).To point out a flaw in the health-club model.
C).To give an example that supports the professor’s point.
D).To explain why he disagrees with the professor.
听力原文：
Professor:
I mean with a health club you might think they would have trouble attracting customers, right?
Student:
Well, I know when I pass by a health club and I see all those people working out, they are exercising. I just soon walk on by.
教授说了一个理论，健身房在吸引顾客方面有困难，句末加了一个right?表示询问，在这个问句的后面，学生举了自己实际的例子来支持教授的观点，说自己经过健身房的时候就算看见里面有人在健身，也不会停留，直接就走掉了。
所以教授一句right?疑问引出了学生的话，因此考生需要关注听力中有人提问时这个考点。因此，答案为C。
E.G. 官方真题Official 1 Conversation 1
Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the woman say this:
A).She had forgotten about the information.
B).She is surprised she was not aware of the information.
C).She is annoyed that the information was published only recently.
D).She is concerned that the librarian gave her incorrect information.
听力原文：
Librarian:
All of the library’s databases and electronic sources can be accessed through any computer connected to the university network.
Student:
Really?! I can’t believe I didn’t know that.
当学生得知所有的资料都可以从校园网络上获得时，说了一句Really?, 这是很明显的语气重听，表达了说话人的惊讶，并且后面还说了一句I can’t believe I didn’t know that.
因此选择表示惊讶surprise的选项B。说话人的语气非常直观，因此考生需要用心去捕捉。
2.语意重听
语意重听常见的考点位置有：
①强调句
②老师回答学生问题时
③老师的态度和评价
④文章转折(but/however/in fact/actually/although/though)
托福听力重听题做题要点提醒
最后，想提醒考生们的是，重听题的两种类型以及对应的考点大家一定要熟练掌握，语气重听比较明显直观，通过说话人的语气起伏基本就可以选出正确的选项。
语意重听则需要考生具有一定的推断能力和理解能力。考生在平时做题时，就要对应不同题型的不同考点记笔记，养成良好的笔记习惯和敏感度，才能在考试中脱颖而出。
2020托福听力练习：石器时代人类烹煮食物
Chimpanzees spend about half their day chewing.
"And for context, think about how much time a day you spend chewing."
Daniel Lieberman, a professor of human evolutionary biology at Harvard University.
"So how did we make that transition, from spending most of our day or half of our day chewing, to spending less than five percent?"
Cooking certainly tenderizes food, making it easier to chew and digest.
But evidence for human cook fires goes back only about 500,000 years, if that.
And Homo erectus had already evolved weaker jaws, and smaller teeth, more than a million years before that.
So Lieberman and his colleague Katherine Zink began their investigation by recreating a paleolithic dinner:yams, carrots, beets… and goat meat.
"If you were to try to eat some raw goat with your teeth you would find that you would chew and chew and chew, it's like bubblegum."
Lucky volunteers got to experience that, by chewing the food.
Either in its wild, un-tenderized state, or after it was bashed or sliced with Flintstonian tools.
As the study subjects ate, the researchers monitored the frequency and force of each chew.
And they found that a diet of abundant, pre-sliced meat, with a side of pounded root vegetables, might have saved Homo erectus two and a half million chews a year.
Meaning: less need for big, bulky jaws and teeth.
The research is in the journal Nature.
Of course, these days "processed food" has a pretty bad rap.
But for our ancestors, food processing was key.
"It's hard for people today to imagine what it was like to eat and cook and hunt during those times.
For the vast majority of our evolutionary history, our ancestors had to work pretty hard to chew their dinner."
Something for you to chew on, perhaps over dinner tonight.Chimpanzees spend about half their day chewing. 黑猩猩每天要在咀嚼食物上花掉将近一半的时间。
And for context, think about how much time a day you spend chewing. 相比之下，想想你每天花多少时间用来咀嚼呢?
Daniel Lieberman, a professor of human evolutionary biology at Harvard University. 哈佛大学的人类进化生物教授丹尼尔利伯尔曼说道。
So how did we make that transition, from spending most of our day or half of our day chewing, to spending less than five percent? 那我们是如何实现这种转变的呢?从一天吃东西花费大部分时间到现在大约不到5%的时间的呢?”
Cooking certainly tenderizes food, making it easier to chew and digest. 烹调确实让食物变得更软，更易咀嚼和消化。
But evidence for human cook fires goes back only about 500,000 years, if that. 但人类利用火进行烹调的证据只能追溯到大约500,000年前，如果的确如此的话。
And Homo erectus had already evolved weaker jaws, and smaller teeth, more than a million years before that. 而直立人进化出相对脆弱的下颌及小牙齿要比那个时候还早100万年。
So Lieberman and his colleague Katherine Zink began their investigation by recreating a paleolithic dinner: 因此利伯尔曼和他的同事凯瑟琳辛克通过重新还原旧石器时代的一顿晚餐开始了对此的调查研究:
yams, carrots, beets… and goat meat. 山药，胡萝卜，甜菜，还有山羊肉。
If you were to try to eat some raw goat with your teeth you would find that you would chew and chew and chew, it's like bubblegum. 如果你试着用牙齿直接吃生羊肉，你就会发现需要不停咀嚼，像在嚼泡泡糖一样。
Lucky volunteers got to experience that, by chewing the food. 参与这项研究的幸运志愿者们在咀嚼食物时有了这样的体验。
Either in its wild, un-tenderized state, or after it was bashed or sliced with Flintstonian tools. 不管是野生，未经烹调，还是通过打火石工具敲打切碎后的食物都是这样。
As the study subjects ate, the researchers monitored the frequency and force of each chew. 而随着研究对象的进食,研究人员们对他们每次咀嚼的频率和力度进行了检测。
And they found that a diet of abundant, pre-sliced meat, with a side of pounded root vegetables, might have saved Homo erectus two and a half million chews a year. 结果他们发现丰盛的一餐，肉类，根茎类蔬菜提前切好也许可以使直立人每年减少250万次咀嚼。
Meaning: less need for big, bulky jaws and teeth. 这就表明不需要巨大的，笨重的下颌以及牙齿。
The research is in the journal Nature. 这项研究已在《自然》杂志上发表。
Of course, these days processed food has a pretty bad rap. 当然，这些天加工食品的口碑不是很好。
But for our ancestors, food processing was key. 但对我们的祖先而言，食物加工处理可是关键性的一环。
We live such modern lives that it's hard for people today to imagine what it was like to eat and cook and hunt during those times. 我们现在过着这样的生活，而现在的人们很难想象在当时那种条件下吃东西、烹饪及狩猎是什么样子。
For the vast majority of our evolutionary history, our ancestors had to work pretty hard to chew their dinner. 在我们人类进化历史上很大一部分时间里，我们的祖先必须很努力的咀嚼自己的晚餐食物。
Something for you to chew on, perhaps over dinner tonight. 而对你而言，一顿晚餐或许要用一整晚才能搞定。
2020托福听力练习：蝙蝠免疫力抗击埃博拉病毒
When a virus invades your cells, it kicks your immune machinery into motion.
The first responders are signaling proteins, called interferons.
And they trigger downstream immune responses.
So you can kind of think of them as the hormones of the immune system.
They're triggered and then they stimulate a bunch of other immune responses that are more specific to that pathogen.
Michelle Baker, a comparative immunologist at the Australian Animal Health Laboratory.
In the spirit of comparative immunology, Baker and her colleagues looked at how another mammal—the black flying fox, a type of bat—handles infections.
They sequenced its immunity genes, and observed the immune response in normal bat cells.
And they found that, unlike us—the bats always have interferons on patrol.
Meaning the proteins do not wait to be activated by invaders.
And the researchers say that this constant state of high alert may be why bats can carry Ebola, Nipah virus, and a whole lot of other infections with no symptoms at all.
The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
So why not switch on those interferons 24/7 in humans?
Well in us, they also tend to cause lots of inflammation and cell damage.
Like the symptoms you feel from the flu—a lot of that is your immune system's fault.
But the key might be to do as the bats do.
"If we can just skew the response of our immune system so it triggers an antiviral response without the pro-inflammatory effects, then we might have something we can work with in terms of a novel therapeutic for humans."
Bats have long been known to harbor disease.
So it would be fitting if they also taught us how to fight it.
When a virus invades your cells, it kicks your immune machinery into motion. 当病毒入侵你的细胞，免疫系统开始工作。
The first responders are signaling proteins, called interferons. 首先起作用的就是信号蛋白，它也被称为干扰素。
And they trigger downstream immune responses. 而它会触发下游免疫反应。
So you can kind of think of them as the hormones of the immune system. 因此你可以把它们想象成免疫系统的荷尔蒙。
They're triggered and then they stimulate a bunch of other immune responses that are more specific to that pathogen. 免疫系统开始工作后，就会刺激一系列针对病原体更具体的其他免疫反应。
Michelle Baker, a comparative immunologist at the Australian Animal Health Laboratory. 米歇尔.贝克尔是澳大利亚动物卫生实验室的比较免疫学家。
In the spirit of comparative immunology, Baker and her colleagues looked at how another mammal-the black flying fox, a type of bat-handles infections. 本着比较免疫学理论，贝克尔和她的同事们对其它哺乳动物蝙蝠的一种，黑狐蝠应对感染的方式进行了观察。
They sequenced its immunity genes, and observed the immune response in normal bat cells. 研究人员对免疫基因进行了排序，并观察了正常蝙蝠细胞的免疫反应。
And they found that, unlike us-the bats always have interferons on patrol. 而结果他们发现，与我们人类所不同的是，蝙蝠体内的干扰素一直在起作用。
Meaning the proteins do not wait to be activated by invaders. 这代表着蛋白质不需要等待入侵后才开始激活。
And the researchers say that this constant state of high alert may be why bats can carry Ebola, Nipah virus, and a whole lot of other infections with no symptoms at all. 而研究人员称这种持续的高警戒状态可能是蝙蝠携带埃博拉病毒、尼帕病毒及其它感染性疾病但却没有出现任何症状的原因。
The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 这项研究已在《美国国家科学院院刊》上发表。
So why not switch on those interferons 24/7 in humans? 那为何不激活人体内的干扰素呢?
Well in us, they also tend to cause lots of inflammation and cell damage. 对人类的身体而言，这样会引起大量炎症并造成细胞损伤。
Like the symptoms you feel from the flu-a lot of that is your immune system's fault. 免疫系统缺失就像感染流感病毒一样。
But the key might be to do as the bats do. 但关键在于我们如何模仿蝙蝠。
If we can just skew the response of our immune system so it triggers an antiviral response without the pro-inflammatory effects, then we might have something we can work with in terms of a novel therapeutic for humans. 如果我们只是让自身免疫系统发生偏差，这样就可以在没有任何炎症的情况下抗击病毒，因此我们可以利用这种新方法治疗人类疾病。
Bats have long been known to harbor disease. 一直以来人类就知晓，蝙蝠可以免疫于疾病。
So it would be fitting if they also taught us how to fight it. 因此如果我们通过这些小动物学会怎样抗击疾病，那就再好不过了。
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