托福听力考题变化趋势特点分析

很多同学都觉得托福考试四个题型当中听力部分的变化趋势很难把握，题目难度的变动似乎缺乏规律性。下面小编就和大家分享托福听力考题变化趋势特点分析，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

托福听力考题变化趋势特点分析

1. 托福听力文章细节信息越来越多

大家都会发现，无论在听lecture还是conversation，耳朵已经越来越应接不暇，这就是因为现在的托福听力题中给出的细节信息正在逐渐变多。而伴随着这种变化所造成的结果就是听力中的细节题变多，双选题、三选题变多很多。以前conversation对话类可能大家比较轻松就能做全对，而现在不行了，考生必须要时时刻刻绷紧脑袋里的那根弦，不能错过任何细节才能保证得分。Lecture讲座类就更是如此，有的文章里面甚至第一道题主旨题就出现了双选，大家需要了解这种变化趋势避免心崩盘。

2.解题线索提示词越来越不明显

如今的托福听力文章中firstly, for the first reason之类的表达越来越少见，提示词也逐渐往后转移，更多的情况是这个观点表达完毕后才会出现补充的一句That’s the first hypothesis.，而考生则只好慌不迭地回到笔记的前端把(1)给补在笔记里。而类似Secondly这样的词汇其实也不会经常出现，出现的只有also, meanwhile, as well as等考生很容易忽略的小词来表达分层。

3.话题涉及学科内容综合化

以前托福听力一段素材基本只会围绕一个话题或者学科展开，说生物的就是生物，聊历史的只谈历史，但现在大家会在有关绘画主题的art history里面发现有neuroscience的内容，也会在有关hydrology的生态学文章里发现geology, seismology的内容。这也就是听力话题涉及学科内容的综合化，可以想见，以后大家面对托福听力特别是讲座类内容，遇到理科混文科、生物混地理的情况也会越来越多，让考生应接不暇。

2020托福听力练习：鸡味可驱蚊防疟疾

In Africa's battle against malaria, two low-tech tactics—insecticides and bed nets—have done a decent job killing off mosquitoes. "But it's mainly one species that's been affected. That's a species called Anopheles gambiae, often referred to the African malaria mosquito." Rickard Ignell, a chemical ecologist at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.

He says, despite that success, the problem is far from solved. For one, mosquitoes are developing resistance to insecticides. And two, there are many other species that can spread the disease. Including one that's common in the horn of Africa: Anopheles arabiensis.

Unlike the pickier gambiae, its palate is wide-ranging. Arabiensis sucks the blood of cattle, sheep, goats. But… not chickens. "Chickens like mosquitoes. So they'll actively feed on mosquitoes and other insects. So avoiding chickens could be a way of surviving, and evolving a way of smelling the chickens could be an early warning system for them."

And it turns out, that aversion to chickens can be used against the insects. Ignell and his colleagues isolated chemical compounds from chicken feathers, and dispensed them next to a human sleeping under a bed net—a human lure. And they found that fewer mosquitoes came round for a snack, due to the repellent chemicals. The findings appear in the Malaria Journal.

Ignell says this chicken cologne won't be immediately available. "Ideally the world would be like that, that we could bottle it up and send it off and they don't have to pay anything. But that's not the case usually." Luckily, there's an equally effective substitute. "We can actually reduce the number of mosquitoes indoors by just using a chicken. So that's probably the cheapest option."

非洲在对抗疟疾时用了两种低科技手段：杀虫剂和蚊帐，这两种方法有效地杀死了蚊子。“但是，这两种方法只能对一个物种产生影响。这个物种是冈比亚按蚊，常被称为非洲疟蚊。”瑞典农业科学大学的化学生态学家理查德·伊格内尔说道。

他表示，虽然这两种方法取得了成功，但问题远远没有解决。一方面，蚊子已经对杀虫剂产生了抗药性。另一方面，还有很多其它物种可以传播疾病。其中一个物种就是在非洲之角这一地区常见的阿拉伯按蚊。

与更为挑剔的冈比亚按蚊不同，阿拉伯按蚊的口味更为广泛。阿拉伯按蚊会吸牛、绵羊、山羊的血，但是……却不会吸鸡的血。“首先，鸡喜欢蚊子。所以它们会以蚊子和其他昆虫为食。因此，对蚊子来说，不吸鸡的血可能是一种生存方式，而使闻鸡类味道的能力得到进化可以成为早期预警系统。”

事实证明，可以利用这种对鸡类的厌恶感来对抗昆虫。伊格内尔和同事从鸡的羽毛中分离出化合物，然后将这种化合物放置在睡在蚊帐里的人类的旁边，这是一种人为诱惑。他们发现，由于讨厌这种化学物质，很少有蚊子会进入蚊帐吸血。这项研究结果发表在《疟疾杂志》上。

伊格内尔表示，现在还不能马上提供这种鸡味古龙香水。“最理想的情况是，我们可以把它装进瓶子里，然后让味道散发出去，它们不需要付出什么。但是显然情况并非如此。”幸运的是，有一个同样有效的替代品，“我们可以用一只鸡来减少室内蚊子的数量。可能这是最便宜的选择。”

重点讲解：

kill off 被全部杀死;被灭绝;

例句：Their natural predators have been killed off.

它们的天敌被全部杀死。

2. be far from 根本不;远远不;

例句：His explanation was far from satisfactory.

他的解释一点也不令人满意。

3. turn out 结果发现;结果是;

例句：It turned out to be a wild-goose chase.

结果证明这只不过是一场徒劳。

4. due to 由于;因为;

例句：Accidents due to driving at high speed were very common that weekend.

在那个周末因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多。

托福听力：难度词汇积累

A

a beach person → 经常去海滩的人，海滩迷

a collect call → 对方付费的电话

a good change of pace → 好的调剂

a larger waist → 大些的腰身(暗示体重的变化)同义词组：gain some weight

a lost cause → 徒劳无用的事

a passing grade → 及格分

a phone call away → 打个电话就能找到我

a rain check → 延期，比赛改期时下次仍有效的票根

a second opinion → 其他的意见

a short memory → 记性不好

academic calendar → 校历

across the street from → 在……的街对面

act up → (疾病)发作，(身体)不适

admission price → 门票价格

ahead of time → 提前

air conditioning → 空调

all along → 自始至终，一直

And how! → 真是这样，正确

annual checkup → 年度体检

answering machine → 电话留言机

apartment complex → 综合性公寓

apartment manager → 公寓管理员

art supply store → 艺术用品店

as a rule → 一般来说，通常来说

as far as I know → 据我所知

as it happens → 偶然，碰巧

at one time → 一度，曾经

at your service → 乐意效劳

auto show → 车展