托福听力备考慢速英语练习方法技巧讲解
托福听力备考慢速英语练习方法技巧讲解
托福听力备考中通过变速听音频素材来训练的做法并不少见，今天小编给大家带来了托福听力备考慢速英语练习方法技巧讲解，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福听力备考慢速英语练习方法技巧讲解
托福听力慢速英语训练方法分析
考生由于方法的失策，造成把大量的时间精力投入其中，可是回报却难以和付出平衡，收效甚微。从慢速英语入手是真正科学的听力突破方法。下载相关的听力资料后，用播放软件进行慢速播放，慢速英语的单词量是1500到2000，也就是说一个比较好的高中生的单词量已经超过了许多，更何况要准备托福听力考试的同学。而慢速播放下如果还听不懂，那么唯一原因就绝对不是生词的问题，只能是考生对这个单词的发音极其陌生，大脑根本没有反映。如果让考生看一看原文，考生会不屑一顾的。但在听的时候却不知所云。
慢速训练提升发音准确性
接下来要做的就是要保证这一段录音考生是完完全全的听懂了。什么是完完全全的听懂了呢?就是每听完一句话，考生都能准确的复述出来，包括每一个单词。这里在语音上不是很好的朋友要注意了，由于是慢速英语，所以只要考生有正常的听力能力再加上一定的毅力，就完全可以把自己的发音模仿的和播音员没什么两样。发音是一个人的英语门面。如果考生按照这样的方法用心练习，不出一两个月，你的发音就会有长足的进步。
中国考生需正视口语问题
其实我们大多数中国人的模仿发音天赋都是很好的，随便叫出一名大学四级通过的大学生，发音就要比我所见到的意大利人，日本人，菲律宾人的发音不知要好多少倍。其实我们中国学生在口语和听力上缺陷主要有两个原因:一是缺乏练习。这也是传统教学方法的遗憾。也是这种只注重书面的"分析英语"的受害者。二是缺乏勇气。老是害怕自己会说错，害怕丢脸。除非你是在国外长大，英语就是母语，你可以"自豪"的说:我就是说错了那也是对的，因为英语是我的母语。而托福考生把英语作为第二语言的学习是不可能不犯错误的，多犯错误是为了少犯错误。
这样一句一句直到把每一句话完全"吃掉"，已经基本上可以保证考生已听懂了这段文章。把这种方法推广到考生之后的托福听力真题中，加上勤加练习，过一段时间后相信大家就会开始适应并喜欢上托福的听力考试题了。
2020托福听力练习：人类是超级捕食者
Small carnivores—like foxes or raccoons or badgers—are themselves prey for larger predators—like wolves. So they spend time hiding instead of hunting. This influence that big predators have on their ecosystem is called a "landscape of fear." But humans are wiping out most of the world's big predators. Which you might assume is good news for the small ones.
But some researchers think that humans exert our own landscape of fear. Those foxes, raccoons and badgers just keep on hiding—only now, they're hiding from us. In reality, the situation may be far worse.
"Humans kill these smaller carnivores, so things like raccoons and foxes that we have here in North America, European badgers that they have in the U.K. and elsewhere in Europe, and we kill them at a rate that's four times greater than their conventional large carnivore predators..."
Liana Zanette of Western University in London, Ontario.
"Because our killing of these smaller carnivores is kind of off the scale, we're considered the superpredator."
To see how humans have altered the landscape of fear, Zanette and her team traveled to a small forest that's home to lots of European badgers near Oxford in the U.K. They used hidden speakers to broadcast the sounds of bears and wolves—two historic predators, both of which are no longer a threat. They also played the sounds of sheep, dogs and people. Hidden cameras recorded the badgers' willingness to look for food outside of their burrows as those sounds were played.
They discovered that the badgers have retained some of their fear of bear sounds, and know that dogs still pose a threat. But they've lost their fear of wolves.
"They treated the wolf calls just like the sheep calls."
Despite their fear of bears and dogs, the badgers still eventually went out to eat amid their sounds. But when they heard people "they would not emerge from their burrows at all until the human sounds were completely off. So they would cower in their burrows for the two hours that the sounds were on, waiting for those human sounds to go off."
In other words, they were leery of bears but were downright terrified of us. The findings are in the journal Behavioral Ecology.
"The badgers recognize who their enemies are...they have recognized humans as their principle threat."
狐狸、浣熊、獾等小型食肉动物是狼等较大食肉动物的猎物。所以它们大部分时间在躲藏而不是捕猎。这种大型捕食者对小型动物生态系统的影响被称为 “恐惧景观”。不过人类正在毁灭世界上大部分大型捕食动物。你可能会认为这对小型食肉动物来说是个好消息。
但是一些研究人员认为，人类正在施加我们自己的“恐惧景观”的作用。导致狐狸，浣熊和獾继续保持躲藏的状态，虽然现在它们只是躲着我们。但实际上，情况可能会更糟。
“人类猎杀这些小型食肉动物，所以像北美洲的浣熊和狐狸以及英国和欧洲其他地方的欧洲獾，人类对它们的猎杀率比它们传统意义上的天敌——大型食肉动物对它们的猎杀率要高4倍。”
利亚纳·詹尼特来自安大略省伦敦西大学。
“因为我们人类对这些小型动物的猎杀属于超标情况，所以人类应该被视为超级捕食者。”
为了查明人类是如何改变这种“恐惧景观”的，詹尼特和她的团队前往英国牛津郡附近的一个小森林，那里是大量欧洲獾的栖息地。他们使用隐藏的扬声器播放熊和狼的声音，这两种曾经的捕食者现在已经不再构成威胁了。他们还播放了绵羊、犬类和人类的声音。隐藏摄像机对獾在听到这些声音时是否愿意出洞觅食的情况进行了记录。
他们发现，獾对熊仍有一些恐惧，而且它们知道狗也对他们构成威胁。不过它们已经不再害怕狼。
“它们对狼叫的反应和听到羊叫差不多。”
虽然獾仍然害怕熊和狗，但是它们最后还是在这些动物的叫声中外出觅食。但是当它们听到人类的声音时，“直到人类的声音完全消失以后，它们才肯从洞里出来。所以在人类声音播放的两个小时里，它们可能会躲在洞里发抖，等待人类的声音消失。”
换言之，獾对熊保持警觉，但是对我们人类则是彻底的恐惧。这一研究结果发表在《行为生态学》期刊上。
“獾认出了谁是它们的敌人……它们把人类当作它们的主要威胁。”
重点讲解：
1. wipe out 摧毁;毁灭;使灭绝;
例句：Some animals have been wiped out through ignorance.
有些动物由于人们的无知而灭绝了。
2. in reality 事实上;实际上;
例句：The house looks very old, but in reality it's quite new.
这房子看起来很旧，实际上很新。
3. in other words 换言之;换句话说;也就是说;
例句：In other words, she must give up singing.
换言之，她必须放弃唱歌。
4. be leery of 猜疑的;警觉的;有戒心的;
例句：I tend to be a bit leery of cut-price bargains.
我对减价商品有点戒心。
2020托福听力练习：皮肤变色有助气候控制与交流
Various animals evolved coloration that keeps them hidden. A jaguar's patterns help it slink undetected across the sun-dappled rainforest floor. The mottled pigmentation on the wings of some let them rest on tree bark undisturbed. And then there are animals that can quickly change their appearance—for example, the Central Bearded Dragon.
This two-foot-long lizard lives in the more arid parts of Australia.
"They can change color really quickly, just in a matter of seconds or minutes."
University of Melbourne biologist Katie Smith.
"And they do this by moving pigments within specialized skin cells called chromatophores."
Bearded dragons modify their colors for camouflage, or to maintain their body temperature, or to communicate with other dragons. Smith wanted to know how they meet all those needs with the same tool kit.
So she and her team rounded up twelve bearded dragons and put them through a series of tests before releasing them back into the wild. They found that when the dragons want to communicate with other members of their species, they change the colors on their neck.
"This is actually one of the reasons they're called bearded dragons—because they look like they have a really serious five o'clock shadow."
Changes to their backs were for temperature regulation. Shifting to yellow lets them to cool off during extreme heat, while darker greys allow them to soak up more heat during cooler weather.
"They actually save about, on average, 22 minutes a day at the darker colors than the lighter colors. That's about 85 hours throughout the whole year."
Eighty-five hours a year NOT spent out in the open and exposed to potential predators. The results were published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society: B.
The lizards can clearly control each part of their body separately, resulting in an efficient system. Temperature regulation involves the back, which is facing the sun. Social signaling uses the neck, easily visible to another lizard they're faced off with.
The researchers' next task is to see what happens when the lizards have to deal with simultaneous but conflicting coloration requirements—situations that could give a bearded dragon a close shave.
很多动物会进化颜色让自己隐藏起来。美洲豹身上的斑纹让它可以在阳光斑驳的雨林地带潜行。一些动物翅膀上的斑驳沉着色素可以让它们在树上休息时不被打扰。另外，还有些动物可以快速改变它们的外表，比如鬃狮蜥。
这种两英尺长的蜥蜴生活在澳大利亚的干旱地区。
“它们可以非常快速地改变颜色，仅仅只需要几秒钟或者几分钟的时间。”
凯蒂·史密斯是墨尔本大学的生物学家。
“它们通过转移特定皮肤内细胞内的色素来实现的。”
鬃狮蜥通过改变自己的颜色进行伪装、保持体温，或和其他鬃狮蜥进行交流。史密斯想知道拥有同样保护伪装的鬃狮蜥是如何满足这些需求的。
所以，她和自己的团队找了十二只鬃狮蜥，对它们进行了一系列的测试，然后再把它们放回野外。他们发现，当鬃狮蜥想和本物种的其他成员进行交流时，它们会改变自己颈部的颜色。
“这实际上是它们被称为长鬃狮蜥的原因之一，因为它们看起来像长了胡须。”
鬃狮蜥改变背部的颜色是为了调节温度。变成黄色可以让它们在酷热的天气中凉爽下来，而变成深灰色可以让鬃狮蜥在寒冷的天气吸收更多的热量。
“实际上平均而言，它们每天呈现深颜色的时间要比浅颜色的时间少22分钟。那么一年也就长达85个小时。”
这也就意味着它们一年有85个小时的时间没有在户外，而且不会接触到可能的捕食者。这项研究结果发表在《皇家学会学报B》上。
鬃狮蜥可以明确地控制自身各个部分，从而形成一个有效的系统。在有阳光时，可以调节背部的颜色。社交的时候调节颈部的颜色，让另一只鬃狮蜥清楚地看到它们面临的情况。
研究人员的下一个任务是观察鬃狮蜥在处理同时发生又相相互冲突的变色要求时会有什么情况发生，那可能是让它们死里逃生的情况。
重点讲解：
1. round up 使聚拢;使聚集;
例句：He had sought work as a cowboy, rounding up cattle.
他找了一份放牛的差事，负责把牛赶到一起。
2. cool off (使)变凉;(使)凉快下来;
例句：Maybe he's trying to cool off out there in the rain.
可能他是想在雨里凉快一下。
3. soak up 吸收;
例句：The cells will promptly start to soak up moisture.
细胞会立即开始吸收水分。
4. on average 平均起来;按平均值;
例句：On average, Mr. Kelly works out four days a week for at least an hour at a time.
凯利平均每周锻炼四天，每次至少锻炼一个小时。
5. result in 导致;引起;造成;
例句：His carelessness results in a serious blunder.
他的粗枝大叶导致他犯了一个严重错误。
6. a close shave 幸免于难;侥幸脱险;
例句：His life is no longer in danger, but it was a close shave.
他不再有生命危险了，但那真是死里逃生。
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