托福听力4大常见低分原因分析
托福听力4大常见低分原因分析
托福听力4大常见低分原因分析,看看你身上有没有这些问题，今天小编给大家带来了托福听力4大常见低分原因分析，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福听力4大常见低分原因分析 看看你身上有没有这些问题
1、语音知识不扎实
扎实的语音知识是听写慢速英语的基础。准确地抓住了语音，即使是生词，也不难根据其发音从词典找到答案。反之，如果语音知识不够，即使是自己会的词也不一定能听懂，更不用说真正碰到生词了。
由于种.种原因，不少人在锻炼托福听力过程中没有得到足够的语音训练，虽然记住了数千个或上万单词和大量语法知识，可以顺利地阅读书面英语文章，但听不懂用词量只有1500余个的慢速英语广播。
2、托福词汇量不够
词写出来认得，而且也能正确地读出来，但由于对词义的理解大狭窄而听不懂。或者单个的词写出来认得，能正确地读出来，词义也明白，但不明白与其他词合在一起组成词组以后的意思是什么而听不懂。
3、缺乏背景知识
英语广播稿的撰写人大都是地道的欧美人，他们熟知西方的风俗习惯和各种文化、历史背景，在写文章时，对于一些他们认为是人人皆知的背景知识就不会再费笔墨了。此类隐含在文章里的背景知识，对于不熟悉西方社会和文化的人来说，如果文章的作者没有把必要的背景知识交待清楚的话，听到以后不一定懂。
4、不熟悉专有名词
英语广播中频繁地出现人名、地名和各种专有名词，它们往往是句子的主语和宾语，是关键词，如果听不懂，会影响对整个内容的理解。
2020托福听力练习：节能引擎喷射黑碳
If you've gone shopping for a car lately, you might have noticed that fuel economy—the number of miles per gallon—is slowly creeping up. One reason is a more efficient type of fuel injection, called gas direct injection. It's a feature of half the new cars sold in the U.S. last year.
"With that kind of engine design you can also introduce turbocharging—that's really what it comes down to: more engine power with a smaller engine." Naomi Zimmerman, an air-quality scientist at Carnegie Mellon University—who has, by the way, never owned a car. "Probably because I did a whole PhD on engine emissions."
Here's how the two injection methods differ. In the old standard, called "port fuel injection," gas is injected into the air intake, where it mixes with air before hitting the cylinder. In direct injection though, as the name implies, the fuel is injected directly into the cylinder. It's more fuel efficient, meaning lower CO2 emissions, which will help slow climate change. But here is a paradox, it also emits more particulate matter, including black carbon, or soot—a pollutant implicated in global warming.
Zimmerman and her colleagues analyzed studies of direct injection engines to see how this pollution tradeoff works out for the climate. "The answer is that it's really complicated and it's not certain." But on average, she says, boosting fuel economy five to nine percent would probably cancel out the warming effects of black soot, and score a net positive for the climate. The findings are in the journal Environmental Science and Technology.
The fuel economy goal might be different in places with big temperature swings, and where gasoline has more aromatic compounds—which seem to boost black carbon emissions. One place that fits the bill: Canada. "There we might need to be closer to the 10 percent, 15 percent mark in terms of improving fuel economy. Which is actually a very aggressive increase in fuel economy."
She says one solution that might reduce black carbon emissions is gasoline particulate filters. Which would also screen out particulate matter dangerous to human health. Meaning a win for the planet—and the people who live on it.
如果你最近买了一辆车，你可能已经注意到燃油经济，也就是每加仑行驶的总英里数正在悄然上升。原因之一在于燃油喷射装置的效率更高，这被称为缸内直接喷射技术。去年美国出售的新车中，有一半车辆都具有这个特征。
“这种引擎设计也可以引进涡轮增压，这才是真正的原因：更小的引擎，更大的发动机功率。”娜奥米·齐默尔曼是卡内基梅隆大学的空气质量科学家，她从未买过汽车。“可能是因为我在博士研究生阶段对发动机排放进行了整体研究。”
下面说明一下这两种喷射方式的不同之处。按照旧标准，车辆使用的是进气道燃油喷射技术，将气体注入进气口，在冲击汽缸之前与空气混合。而缸内直接喷射，顾名思义，就是直接式燃料喷射，将燃料直接注入汽缸。这种方法更省油，二氧化碳排放量更少，这将有助于减缓气候变化。但是，与此相矛盾的是，这种方法会喷射出更多的颗粒物，包括黑碳或煤灰等与全球变暖有关的污染物。
齐默尔曼和同事对直接喷射式发动机进行了研究分析，以查明这种污染均衡怎样解决气候问题。“答案是，这种方法非法复杂，目前还不能确定。”不过她表示，总体来说，将燃油经济性由5%提高到9%，可能会抵消黑炭的暖化效应，这对气候是有益的。该项研究结果发表在《环境科学与技术》杂志上。
燃油经济性目标可能在那些温度波动较大、汽油中含有更多芳香化合物的地方会有所不同，这似乎促进了黑碳排放。有一个地方刚好符合要求，这个地方就是加拿大。“在这里，就改善燃油经济性而言，我们可能需要将其提高至10%，甚至是15%。这确实是燃油经济性的大幅提高。”
她表示，汽油颗粒过滤器可能是减少黑碳排放的解决方法。该过滤器还可以筛选出危害人类健康的颗粒物。这意味着，这个星球以及生活在这个星球上的人们赢得了胜利。
2020托福听力练习：美国政府拟用无人机发射疫苗保护濒危雪貂
A recent headline on the Web site theverge.com got a lot of attention on social media. Because each new phrase seemed to take the message in an unexpected direction. The headline read: U.S. government plans to use drones to fire vaccine-laced M&Ms near endangered ferrets.
Some background. Black-footed ferrets have been on the endangered species list since 1967. Only about 300 were known to be alive in the wild at the end of 2015. They tend to live in the Great Plains and the West. Because they love to eat prairie dogs, which tend to live in the Great Plains and the West. Unfortunately, prairie dogs often harbor fleas, and fleas can carry the plague. Yup, that plague, the so-called Black Death that killed millions in Europe in the 14th century.
So ferrets suffer when fleas cause a plague outbreak in prairie dogs, either because the ferrets also catch the disease or because the prairie dogs die and the ferrets go hungry. Officials have tried vaccinating individual ferrets and they've tried treating prairie-dog burrows with flea-killer. But neither method is particularly efficient.
And so the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is preparing a study for September in the UL Bend National Wildlife Refuge in Montana. The viral headline was incorrect about the M&Ms, but otherwise, yes, aerial drones will shoot vaccine-laced pellets designed to be irresistible to prairie dogs. The drone delivery system should quickly spread the vaccine-carrying goodies over a wide area so that lots of prairie dogs gobble them up—thus making the prairie dogs available to be gobbled up, safely, by the endangered ferrets.
And so everybody wins. Except for the prairie dogs that get eaten. And the Yersinia pestis bacteria that cause plague. Well, that's it for me, I've droned on long enough.
Theverge.com网站最近的一条标题引起很多社交媒体的关注。原因是每一个新短语都好像将这条信息引往了一个意想不到的方向。标题写着：美国政府计划用无人机向濒危雪貂栖息地发射带有疫苗的M&Ms糖果。
背景介绍：黑足雪貂在1967年被列入濒危物种名单。截至2015年底，现存的野生黑足雪貂只有300只左右。黑足雪貂喜欢生活在美国大平原和美国西部地区。这是因为它们喜欢吃的草原犬鼠生活在美国大平原和西部地区。不幸的是，草原犬鼠通常会滋生跳蚤，并且跳蚤可能带有鼠疫。没错，被称为“黑死病”的鼠疫在14世纪导致欧洲数百万人死亡。
因此，当跳蚤导致鼠疫袭击草原犬鼠时，雪貂也会受到牵连，要么是因为雪貂也会染上鼠疫，要么是因为草原犬鼠的死亡导致雪貂挨饿。官员曾尝试给雪貂接种疫苗，也曾尝试往草原犬鼠的洞穴里喷洒杀蚤剂。但这两种方法都不是特别有效。
所以，美国鱼类和野生动物局正在为一项研究做准备，该研究将于9月在蒙大拿州国家野生动物保护区启动。那条轰动标题中有关M&Ms的部分是不正确的，不过除此以外，无人机的确将发射带有疫苗的糖果，这种糖果被设计成使草原犬鼠无法抗拒的美味。无人机输送系统应在广泛区域迅速播撒带有疫苗的糖果，让大量草原犬鼠食用，进而让濒危雪貂可以安全地捕食草原犬鼠。
这样大家都是赢家。当然，除了被吃掉的草原犬鼠和引发鼠疫的鼠疫耶尔森氏杆菌。好了，就是这些了，我已经讲了很长时间了。
重点讲解：
1. either...or... (表示在两者或多者中择其一)或者，要么;
例句：Either we will find a supply, or we will make the goods.
我们或是寻求供货，或者自己制造。
2. go hungry 挨饿;吃不饱;
例句：Leonidas' family had been poor, he went hungry for years.
利奥尼达斯家曾经很穷，他有很多年都吃不饱肚子。
3. gobble up 贪婪地吃;狼吞虎咽;
例句：There were dangerous beasts in the river that might gobble you up.
河里有吃人的危险动物。
4. except for 除了;除…之外;唯有;
例句：Smith is a good man, except for his bad temper.
史密斯除了脾气不好外，是个好人。
5. drone on (人)絮絮叨叨地说，喋喋不休地说;
例句：Aunt Maimie's voice droned on.
梅米姨妈喋喋不休地说着。
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