一般现在时的详细用法

今天给大家带来一般现在时的用法，快来一起学习吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

一般现在时的用法

表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。

当主语是第三人称单数时：动词变相应的第三人称单数形式

当谓语动词是实意动词时的句子结构

肯定句：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式+其它　　He likes English.

否定句：主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形+其它　　 He doesn't like English.

一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其它　　 Does he like English?

肯定回答 ：Yes，主语+do/does Yes， he does.

否定回答：No，主语+do/doesn't　　 No，he doesn't.

当谓语动词是be动词时的句型结构

肯定句：主语+动词+其它　　 It is a dog.

否定句：主语+be+not+动词原形+其它　　 It is not a dog.

一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词原形+其它　　 Is it a dog?

肯定回答 ：Yes，主语+be Yes， it is.

否定回答：No，主语+be+not No， it isn't

一般现在时用法说明

一.动词变化：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。

在加词尾-s时要注意：

情况 加法 例词

一般情况 加-s reads, writes, says

以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的词 加-es teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i再加-es try-tries

carry-carries

二.一般现在时表示:

(1)表示现在的状态, 例如:He's twelve.

(2)表示经常性的或习惯性的动作, 常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用.例如:I go to school every day.

(3)表示主语具备的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple.

(4)表示客观、普遍的真理。Two and four makes six.

三 句型

肯定句结构:主语+be动词/行为动词+宾语/表语

(1) 行为动词:

a. 主语为第一、二人称、复数人称时(I, you, we, they, the boys)，主语+动词原形+宾语。

They go to school every day.

b.主语为第三人称单数时(it, he,she, Lily)，主语+动词s/es+宾语。

Lily often likes singing.

(2)系动词(be): 主语+系动词+表语。

I am… They/We/You are… He/She/It is…

2.否定句结构: 主语+be动词/行为动词+宾语/表语

(1) 行为动词:

a. 主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时，主语+don't+动词原形。

They don't go to school every day.

b.主语为第三人称单数时，主语+doesn't +动词原形。

Lily doesn't like singing.

(2)系动词(be): 主语+is/am/are后加not+表语

I am not a worker.

3. 一般疑问句结构:

(1)行为动词

主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时，Do+they/we/you+动词原形

Do they go to school every day? (Yes, they do. No, they don't.)

b.主语为第三人称单数时， Does +he/she/iIt+动词原形

Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesn't.)

(2) 系动词(be): is/am/are+主语+表语

Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, I'm not.)

4.特殊疑问句结构

特殊疑问词(what, how often, which, where,who)+一般疑问句?

(1)行为动词

What do they do every day?

How often does Peter go fishing?

(2) 系动词(be):

Who is the girl at that gate?

一般现在时的三种形式

1. 谓语是be(am/is/are)的一般现在时。

①肯定形式：主语+be+表语(形容词、名词充当表语)。

I am hungry.

You are beautiful.

He is a doctor.

②否定形式：主语+be+not+表语(形容词、名词充当表语)。

I am not hungry.

You aren’t beautiful.

He isn’t a doctor.

③一般疑问句形式：Be+主语+表语(形容词、名词充当表语)?

肯定回答：Yes,主语+be. 否定回答：No, 主语+ be+not.

—Are you hungry?

—Yes，I am./No,I’m not.

—Is he a doctor?

—Yes, he is./No, he isn,t.

④特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+Be开头的一般疑问句?

—What is he?

—He is a doctor.

注意：be要随着主语变。

2. 谓语动词是实义动词(及物动词或不及物动词)的一般现在时。

①肯定形式：“主语+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+不及物动词”。

She has a little brother.

她有一个弟弟。

The sun rises in the east.

太阳从东方升起。

②否定形式：“主语+don’t/doesn’t+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+don’t/doesn’t+不及物动词”。

She doesn’t have a little brother.

她没有弟弟。

I don’t eat every morning.

我每天早晨都不吃饭。

③一般疑问句形式：“Do/Does+主语+及物动词原形+宾语”或“Do/Does+主语+不及物动词原形”。

肯定回答：Yes,主语+do/does. 否定回答是：No, 主语+ don’t/doesn’t.

—Do you eat every morning?

—Yes, I do./No, I don’t.

—Does she have a little brother?

—Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t.

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does开头的一般疑问句?

What do you like?

When do you go to school?

注意：根据主语确定用do还是does。

3. 谓语是情态动词can/may…+动词原形的一般现在时。

①肯定形式：主语+情态动词can/may…..+动词原形+宾语。

I can finish my homework.

②否定形式：主语+情态动词can/may…..+not+动词原形+宾语。

I can’t finish my homework.

③一般疑问句形式：情态动词Can/May…..+主语+动词原形+主语+宾语。

肯定回答是：Yes,主语+情态动词. 否定回答是：No, 主语+ 情态动词+not.

—Can you finish your homework?

—Yes，I can./No, I can’t.

④特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+情态动词can/may…..开头的一般疑问句?

—What can you do?

—I can do my homework.

注意：情态动词can/may…..+动词原形。

现在完成时用法讲义

现在完成时是初中的重要时态，今天我们一起来学习下，内容很详细，各位老师可以直接使用，也可以根据先后内容做成PPT课件。

现在完成时的构成

现在完成时由“have(has)+过去分词”构成。has 用于主语是第三人称单数时。(过去分词的构成P122—123中“动词的基本形式”)

①I have just finished my homework. 我刚做完功课

②I have lived in Guangzhou for more than three years. 我已经在广州住了三年多了。

③My sister has seen the movie many times. 那部电影我姐姐看过好多次了。

现在完成时的否定句和疑问句的构成。

否定句：主语+have /has +not+过去分词+其他.

说明：have和has常与not 缩写成haven't 和hasn't .

①I haven't seen much of him recently 最近我没怎么见到他。

②He hasn't been to Japan.他没有去过日本。

一般疑问句： Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它?

肯定回答： Yes.主语+have /has.

否定回答： No,主语+have /has not。

③—Have you finished your homework ? 你已经做完家庭作业了吗?

–Yes, I have (No, I haven't ) 是的 。(不，还没有)

④–-Has he passed the test yet ? 他考试及格了吗

—-Yes, he has . (No , he hasn't ) 是的。(不，没及格)

巩固练习：

The bus hasn't arrived yet. (改成肯定句)The bus ________ _______ __________.

I have watched the interesting film recently. (改成一般疑问句)

您现在的位置：主页 > 时态 > 现在完成时 > 文章内容

现在完成时用法讲义

作者: admin来源: 网络文章 时间: 2019-12-22

现在完成时是初中的重要时态，今天我们一起来学习下，内容很详细，各位老师可以直接使用，也可以根据先后内容做成PPT课件。

现在完成时的构成

现在完成时由“have(has)+过去分词”构成。has 用于主语是第三人称单数时。(过去分词的构成P122—123中“动词的基本形式”)

①I have just finished my homework. 我刚做完功课

②I have lived in Guangzhou for more than three years. 我已经在广州住了三年多了。

③My sister has seen the movie many times. 那部电影我姐姐看过好多次了。

现在完成时的否定句和疑问句的构成。

否定句：主语+have /has +not+过去分词+其他.

说明：have和has常与not 缩写成haven't 和hasn't .

①I haven't seen much of him recently 最近我没怎么见到他。

②He hasn't been to Japan.他没有去过日本。

一般疑问句： Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它?

肯定回答： Yes.主语+have /has.

否定回答： No,主语+have /has not。

③—Have you finished your homework ? 你已经做完家庭作业了吗?

–Yes, I have (No, I haven't ) 是的 。(不，还没有)

④–-Has he passed the test yet ? 他考试及格了吗

—-Yes, he has . (No , he hasn't ) 是的。(不，没及格)

巩固练习：

The bus hasn't arrived yet. (改成肯定句)The bus ________ _______ __________.

I have watched the interesting film recently. (改成一般疑问句)

______ you ________ the interesting films recently?

I have already had my breakfast. (改为否定句)I ________ had my breakfast ______.

I have already finished doing my homework. (改为一般疑问句)

_____ ________ finished doing your homework ________?

She has already worked out that difficult math problem. (改为否定句)

She _________ worked out that difficult problem __________.

现在完成时的基本用法

现在完成时有两个主要用法，“已完成”用法和“未完成”用法。

现在完成时的“已完成”用法

“已完成”用法指动作或过程发生在说话之前某个不明确的时间，现在已经完成，但后果或影响至今仍然存在。其重点就是着眼于现在，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和后果。

现在完成时常与表示不确定的时间状语连用，如：yet, just, before , recently ,once ,lately 等，也同表示频率副词连用，如：often ,once ,ever ,never等。www.yingyuyufa.com

① I've forgotten his telephone number.我忘记他的电话号码。(表示现在没法跟他联系)

② He has already given up smoking .他已经戒烟了。(表示现在已经不抽烟了)

③ How many times have you been to Beijing ?他去过北京几次? (与表示频率的状语连用)

现在完成时的“未完成”用法。

“未完成”用法是指它可以表示开始于过去持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。这一用法与“已完成”的用法主要区别在于它通常都要与表示一段时间的状语连用。常用的表示时间的状语有：for…..,since…(自从…),so far (到目前为止)等。如：①We have received no news from her for 2years .两年了，我们没有她的一点消息。

②She has taught us since I came to this school.从我来学校开始她就一直教我们。

使用现在完成时应注意的情况

瞬间动词(也叫点动词，非延续性动词或终止性动词)表示的动作有一个终点，到了终点就不能再延续，因此不能与表示一段时间的时间状语(如for短语，since短语等)连用，但是可以与表示非持续的时间状语连用。如：

His father has died for three years . ( )

【die(死)为瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用

①他父亲去世已经三年了。 His father died three years ago . ( )

【可以与表示非持续性的时间状语连用

I have bought the book for a week . ( )

【buy(买)为瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用

②这本书我买了一个星期了。 I bought the book a week ago . ( )

【可以与表示非延续性的时间状语连用

表示时间段的时间状语时，可以将瞬间动词变为同义的延续性或表状态的动词(短语)。所以，上面两例还可以分别表示为：

③His father has been dead for three years . {be dead (死的)表状态}

④I have had the book for a week . {have(拥有)表延续性动作}

常见的瞬间动词可以转换成表延续状态的词有如下一些：

die —–be dead leave / go—–be away (from) come /go back—-be back

buy—–have borrow——-keep make friends—be friends

open—-be open fall asleep—be asleep marry—–be married

begin /start —be on finish——-be over get ready —-be ready

arrive/ get to /reach /come—–be in / be at /stay

join (the Party)—–be a (Party) member / be in (the Party )

如果出现一段时间时，同时又要保留非延续性动词，则可以用“It is +时间+since+一般过去的句子“句型改写。如上面的句①和句②可以分别表示为：

① It is three years since his father died. ②It is a week since I bought the book

For+一段时间 ，since+过去的时间

巩固练习：用for, since, ago填空。

Sally has been away from London ________ last Saturday.

Our school has changed a lot ________ the new building was built.

Tommy has had this motorcycle ________ three years.

I have been in Nanjing ________ eight years.

My parents has been married since twenty years ________.

My cousin joined the army three months ________.

同义句转换

1) They borrowed it last week. They ____ ______it since ______ _______.

I bought a pen two hours ago. I ______ ______a pen for ______ _______.

He has gone to Beijing. He _____ ______ ______ Beijing for two days.

4)He joined the league in 2002.

He _____ ______ a _________ ______ the ________ for two years.

My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _______ _____ ______for _______ ________.

6)The shop closed two hours ago.

The shop _______ ________ ______ for ________ _________.

7)The door opened at six in the morning.

The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.

如现在完成时的谓语动词是瞬间动词的否定式，则一般可以和表示一段时间的for短语连用。因为瞬间动词的否定式构成一种状态，而状态是可以持续的。

① We haven't met him for a long time .我已经好久没遇到他了。{表示“没见到”这一状态}

② The old man hasn't left home for a month .那位老人已经有一个月未出门了。(表示“足不出户”

have (has )been to 与have (has) gone to have (has)been in

have (has) been to 表示“去过某地”，指曾经有过或没有过的一种经历。说话时已从该地回来或已从该地去了其他地方。可以同once，often，never，ever, many times 等连用。

have(has )gone to 表示“去某地了”，指说话时某人已不在此地。在去某地的途中或已在某地。所以一般来说此结构只用于主语是第三人称时。

试比较：

She has gone to Shanghai . 她去北京了(表示她人此刻不在这，在北京的途中或已在北京)

She went to Shanghai a year ago 她去过北京。(表示她到过北京这一经历)

have (has) been in 表示“已在某地(待了多久)若该地为小地方，则in需要用at代替，当后面跟副词时只用have been，其后不可以用任何介词。

① The Greens have been in China for two years .

② LiLei's aunt has been at this school for two years.

③The Greens are in China now. They have been here for a half a year.

巩固练习 ：用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。

A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.

A: How long _______ he __________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days.

A: When will he come back, do you know? B: I'm afraid he won't come back recently.

A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?

B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.

A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?

B: He _____________ there only once.