新概念英语第三册语法解析汇总
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新概念英语第三册语法解析：分词
分词有现在分词(ing)和过去分词(ed)两大类，是英语学习中非常重要的一环，许多学生在阅读时读不懂的长难句大都有分词的影子，而在高级写作中，如果掌握了分词的正确用法，也会为你的写作增添光彩。其实，分词的主要功能是代替了定语从句和状语从句，使的句子更加简化，凝练。
通常来讲，无论是状语从句还是定语从句，如果里面的谓语是主动形式，则转化为现在分词 (ing)，谓语是被动形式则转化为过去分词(ed)，而现在分词主要分为doing/having done两种，过去分词主要分为done /having been done两种
L1：for the des criptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. (given 作后置定语，修饰des cription，表示“人们提供的描述”)
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat'. (picking 作后置定语，修饰woman，表示“正在采摘黑莓的女士”)
L2：Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, (looking作状语，修饰主句中的动词saw，表示伴随状态)
Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. (Armed作状语，由于be armed with形式所以采用过去分词，在句中作状语，修饰went up，表示伴随)
L8： St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. (crossing 在这里作后置定语，修饰travellers，表示“穿越关隘的游客”)
L11：even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.(hidden作后置定语，修饰)
L13：Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs. (wanting的否定形式在这里作目的状语)
L22：Then, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me'.(squinting作伴随状语)
L24: Dropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George.(dropping作伴随状语，说明和dash这个动作同时发生，突出当时的恐惧之情)
关于分词的用法，新概念三册随处可见这样的例子，上面列举的句子也只是新三的皮毛而已，如果同学们对分词的用法感兴趣，或者想要把它牢牢掌握，可以找出新三中其他带有分词的句子逐一分析，相信一定会大有收获。
新概念英语第三册语法解析：双重否定
英文中的双重否定功能很多，很多同学认为双重否定有些啰嗦，表达的和肯定句是一样的，其实不然，双重否定句还有另外两个功能，即强调否定和委婉否定。
第9课中描述猫的吸引力，原句：Cats never fail to fascinate human beings.其实这里的双重否定never fail to 相当于英文中的always，不过更加突出强调了“总是”。比如我们表达对某道菜的喜爱，就可以利用这种方式：Sweet and Sour Pork never fail to fascinate human beings.
第26课中描述广告的吸引力，原句：No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. 作者在这里想强调的是人人都会受到广告的影响。在我们平时写作时，当描述一片美丽景色时，也利用这个句型，比如：No one can avoid being tempted by the beauty of Shangri-la. 没有人能避免受到香格里拉美景的诱惑。
第43课中描述“常有的事”，原句：It is not uncommon to hear that a shipping company has made a claim for cost of salvaging a sunken ship. 这里的not uncommon便是指的“常有的事”，类似的表达还有not illegal、 not unavailable，not unusual等等。
新概念英语第三册语法解析：冠词
不定冠词“a”用来表示可数名词的单数形式，用于辅音音素前，an用于元音音素前。
如：a person, a day; an hour, anold man...
I.定冠词用法如下：
(英语刚启蒙时你就知道冠词了，可你真正掌握了吗?再背一遍又何妨?!)
1.用于双方都知道的名词前：Please cleanthe classroom.
2.用于单数名词前，表示一类人或物：
The horseis a useful animal.(马是有用的动物)
This is a very hardjob for theteacher.(对于老师这是一项很难的工作。)
3.用于世界上独一无二的东西前：the sun, the spring.
4.用于方位名词前：People in the west like coffee very much.
5.用于乐器名词前：play the violin.
6.用于计量单位前：Gasoline is soldby the gallon.
7.形容词级和序数词前：This is the easiest way to work out the problem.
He came to see me for first time.
8.用于江河湖海山脉名称前：the Pacific，the Thames，the Rocky Mountains
9.杂志、报刊名称前：the Times，the Overseas Digest
10.用于建筑物、和组织前：the White House, theMinistry of Education
11.用于姓氏复数前，表“某某夫妇，某某一家人”the Smiths，the Greens
12.用于形容词前，表一类人 / 物：the rich, theblind
13.用于 English，Chinese，French等名词前，表“全体国民”the English，the Chinese
II.以下情况不用冠词：
1.三餐前 breakfast，lunch，supper， ... Have you had lunch?
2.体育运动项目前 playchess，... I have nointerest intennis.
3.在由 by引出的交通工具前by air(乘飞机)，by car
4.在称呼或职位前 He has been elected president of the committee.
5.习惯用语前 at school，day by day，at table(在吃饭)，go to church(做礼拜)...
新概念英语第三册语法解析：易混淆的动词
在学习英语动词时，一些初学者常碰到大量易混淆的同义词，下面就几组常用的动词加以比较。
1. rise，raise，arise，arouse
“rise” 是不及物动词，过去式为rose，过去分词为risen，其基本词义“上升，上涨”。
● The sun rises in the east.
● A good idea rose in my mind. “raise” 是及物规则动词，“举起，提高”。
● He raised his voice to make himself heard.
● The boy can raise the heavy stone.
“arise”，是不及物动词，过去式为arose，过去分词arisen，其语义为“出现，发生” 。
● His curiosity arose due to the question his mother asked.
“arouse”是及物动词，过去式和过去分词为aroused，其语义为“唤醒，引起”
arouse somebody from sleep 把某人唤醒
arouse suspicion 引起怀疑
2. lay，lie，lie
“lay”及物动词，“放置，生蛋”，过去式与过去分词为 “laid”
I've laid the book on the self.
The hen lays an egg every day.
“lie”不及物动词“位于，平躺”，过去式为“lay”过去分词 “lain”
He lay on the floor and slept soundly.
Beijing lies in the north of China.
“lie”及物动词“说谎”，它是规则动词。
He lied to his teacher.
3. sit，seat
“sit”不及物动词，过去式与过去分词均为 “sat”。
He sat in the classroom reading newspaper.
“seat”及物动词，“使就坐”“容纳”。
He seats himself here.
He is seated there.
He seats the baby on his knees.
The hall will seat 5000 people.
4. affect，effect
“affect” 及物动词，“对……有影响，感动，触及”
The relations between then will be affected.
“effect” 及物动词， “导致，造成，带来(变化)，产生”
The changes in methods effected some improvement in his study.
5. hang (hanged, hanged) / (hung, hung)
当 hang过去式与过去分词为 “hanged”，其含义是“绞死”;而当hang的过去式与过去分词为“hung”时，其含义是“悬挂”。
The man was hanged for murder. He hung his coat on the hook.
6. borrow，lend “borrow”借入 “borrow sth. from ...”
“lend”(lent, lent) 借出 “lend sb. sth” 或 “lend sth. To sb.”
7. take，bring，fetch
“take”(took, taken) 及物动词“拿走”
新概念英语第三册语法解析：易混淆的动词(2)
1. receive，accept
“receive” 客观上收到 “accept” 主观上愿意接受
I received his gift, but I wouldn't like to accept it.
2. fit, suit“适合”
“fit” 指“尺寸”的适合 “suit” 指“款式，花样等”的适合
The dress doesn't fit me. It is too long.
Blue is the color that suits her well.
3. answer，reply “回答”
“answer” — vt. ; “reply” — vi 须和 “to”连用
“You needn't know it.” He answered.
So far, they haven't answered / replied to our questions.
4. spend, cost, take “花费”
“spend” (spent, spent) 花“时间，金钱”主语须是人。
He spend 5 hours writing the article.
“cost” (cost, cost) 花费“金钱，时间，劳力”可接双宾，主语须是“物”
The book cost me $20 and 2 days.
“take” 通常指花“时间”主语须是“某种事情”
It takes me 20 minuter to go to school.
The work took me longer than I expected.
5. assure，ensure
“assure” 使放心 assure sb. of sth.
assure sb. that...
I can assure you of my honesty.
“ensure” 保证 ensure sth.(其后不能接人称)
ensure that
ensure doing sth.
I can ensure his safety.
He ensured that he finished the job in time.
He ensured coming back later.
百分重点：如ensure 含义为“保护，使安全”，其结构为：
ensure sb from / against sth.
He ensured the boy from drowning.
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新概念英语第三册语法解析汇总
