新概念英语第二册第57课:Can I help you, madam?

新概念英语第二册第57课:Can I help you, madam?

Lesson 57   Can I help you, madam?您要买什么，夫人?

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    Did the woman get what she wanted?
    A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.
    参考译文
    一位穿着牛仔裤的妇女站在一家高档商店的橱窗前。她虽然犹豫了片刻，但终于还是走进了商店，要求把陈列在橱窗里的一件衣服拿给她看。接待她的售货员不喜欢 她的那副打扮，轻蔑地看了她一眼后，便告诉她那件衣服已经卖出去了。这位妇女怒气冲冲地走出了商店，决定第二天教训一下那个售货员。第二天上午，她又来到 这家商店，穿了一件裘皮大衣，一只手拎着一只手提包，另一只手拿着一把长柄伞。找到那个无礼的售货员后，她还要看昨天的那件衣服。那个售货员没有认出她是 谁，这一回接待她的态度非常殷勤。费了好大劲儿，他爬进橱窗去取那件衣服。这位妇女对那件衣服只看一眼，就说不喜欢。她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎 所有的东西都拿了出来，最后才买下了她最先要看的那一件。
 
    New words and Expressions生词和短语
    madam
    n.（对妇女的尊称）太太，夫人
 
    jeans
    n. 牛仔裤
 
    hesitate
    v. 犹豫，迟缓
 
    serve
    v. 接待（顾客）
 
    scornfully
    adv. 轻蔑地
 
    punish
    v. 惩罚
 
    fur
    n. 裘皮
 
    eager
    adj. 热切的，热情的
 

Lesson 57   自学导读First things first

　　课文详注  Further notes on the text
　　1．The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那副打扮。
　　the way在这里表示“方式”、“样式”，she was dressed为关系从句，修饰the way。dress表示“穿着”、“打扮”时常用被动语态：
　　Why is your aunt dressed in black?
　　你姑姑为什么穿黑色衣服？
 
　　2．…he told her that the dress was sold.……告诉她那件衣服已经卖出去了。
　　被动语态在这里含有动作已经完成的意忠，即表示目前的状态。
 
　　3．She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.第2天上午，她又来到这家商店，穿了一件裘皮大衣，一只手拎着一只手提包，另一只手拿着一把长柄伞。
　　dressed引导的过去分词短语作状语，表示伴随状态。它也可以变换位置，放在句首，其意义不变：Dressed in a fur coat, she returned…with带有两个宾语：handbag和unbrella。with引导的介词短语也作状语，表示伴随状态：
　　He walked in the park with a dog behind him.
　　他在公园里散步，身后跟了一条狗。
 
　　4．After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. 找到那个无礼的售货员后，她还要看昨天的那件衣服。
　　（1）现在分词结构代替时间状语从句后，保留了连词after。类似的情况如：
　　Since phoning you this morning, I've changed my plans.
　　自从今天早上给你打了电话以后，我已改变了计划。
　　While trying to open the bottle, I cut my hand.
　　在试图打开瓶子时，我划破了手。
　　（2）seek out为固定短语，表示“找出”、“搜寻出”：
　　He sought out the thief in the crowd.
　　他在人群中找出了那个小偷。
　　Seek him out quickly. I want to speak to him.
　　快把他找出来。我想和他谈一谈。
　　（3）ask for表示“要”、“要求”：
　　I asked for a cup of coffee, but you gave me a cup of tea.
　　我要的是一杯咖啡，但你却给了我一杯茶。
 
　　5．Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. 那个售货员没有认出她是谁，这一回接待她的态度非常殷勤。
　　（1）现在分词短语代替一个分句位于句首时，其否定形式是在它前面加上not, without或never等否定词。这些词有时可互换，有时则不可：
　　Not/Without/Never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief.
　　他没有一丝犹豫便追赶那小偷。
　　Not being able to open the door, I asked my neighbour for help.
　　由于开不了门，我便向邻居求援。
　　（2）像eager, glad, pleased, sorry等描述感觉的形容词作表语时后面往往跟不定式：
　　They are all eager to come.
　　他们都急于来。
　　I'm pleased to work with you.
　　我很高兴能与你一起工作。
 
　　6．With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. 费了好大劲儿，他爬进橱窗去取那件衣服。
　　with在这里表示行为方式：
　　With care, she put the vase on the shelf.
　　她小心翼翼地把花瓶放在架子上。
　　He lifted the box with ease/difficulty.
　　他很轻松地/费劲地举起那箱子。
 
　　7．She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来，最后才买下了她最先要看的那一件。
　　（1）enjoy oneself doing sth.表示“从……中得到乐趣”：
　　He enjoyed himself making the dog run after beggars.
　　他让那条狗追逐乞丐，并从中取乐。
　　（2）make后面的动词不定式不加to（cf．本课词汇学习）
　　（3）代替时间状语从句的现在分词短语带有连词before。
 
　　语法 Grammar in use
　　用于表示地点和位置的介词和副词in, at和off;用于描写人的介词in和with
　　在第9课的语法中，我们学习了引导时间状语的介词in, on, at, during, till和until;在第33课的语法中，我们学习了表示方向和目的地的介词和副词，如on, off, from, to, towards, in, into, out of, at, under, over等。
　　（1）在表示地点和位置时，说话人的个人角度会影响对介词的选择。at通常用于表示居住地点和某个停留地点、工作地点等，而in则表示里面或包围的含义：
　　I stopped at London on the way to New York.
　　去纽约的途中我曾在伦敦停留。（伦敦是途中的一个点）
　　I live in London.
　　我住在伦敦。（伦敦“包围着”他）
　　We met at the cinema this afternoon. He waited for me near the ticket office.
　　我们今天下午在电影院见了面。他在售票处附近等我。
　　We swam in the river while Jane sat in the car.
　　我们在河里游泳时简坐在汽车里。
　　（2）off常与动词连用，表示位置的变化，即“与……分离”，可译为“脱掉”、“脱落”等，其反义词为on:
　　The handle of my suitcase has come off.
　　我手提箱的提手掉下来了。
　　He took the cup off the shelf.
　　他把杯子从架上拿了下来。
　　（3）描写人时，in通常用于表示穿着，with则表示身上的某个具体特征或随身带着什么：
　　Yesterday she was (dressed) in jeans. Today she is (dressed) in a fur coat.
　　昨天她穿着牛仔裤。今天她穿了一件裘皮大衣。
　　John looks very handsome in that uniform, doesn't he?
　　约翰穿那套制服时看上去非常英俊，是不是？
　　He looks handsome in anything!
　　他穿任何衣服看上去都很英俊！
　　The man with a beard over there is Sam.
　　那边那个留着胡子的人是萨姆。
　　The police say the woman they're looking for has a red handbag/red hair.
　　警方说他们正在寻找的那位妇女有一个红色的手提包/一头红发。
　　There's a woman with a red handbag/red hair over there!
　　那边就有一位带着红色手提包/长着一头红发的妇女！
　　A child came along with a brown dog.
　　一位带着一条棕色的狗的小孩走了过来。
 
　　词汇学习 Word study
　　1．serve vt., vi.
　　（1）帮佣，当仆人，给……干活：
　　Mary served (in) the family as a cook for more than ten years.
　　玛丽在那户人家当了十多年厨师。
　　（2）服务；服役；供职：
　　Have you ever served in the army?
　　你服过兵役吗？
　　She served the firm as a secretary for two years.
　　她在这家公司当过两年秘书。
　　（3）接待（顾客）：
　　The assistant was eager to serve her this time.
　　那个售货员这回接待她的态度非常殷勤。
　　Tom served in a restaurant when he was 18.
　　汤姆18岁时在餐馆当过侍者。
 
　　2．make与let
　　这两个动词后面都跟不带to的不定式，但意义和用法上有区别。
　　（1）make+名词/代词+不带to的不定式表示“迫使”、“致使”：
　　That beard makes you look much older than you really are.
　　您的胡须使您看上去比您的实际年龄大得多。
　　What made him change his mind?
　　是什么使他改变了主意？
　　She made the assistant bring almost everything in the window.
　　她迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来。
　　在被动语态中含有上述意义的make后面必须带to:
　　He was made to work fourteen hours a day.
　　他被迫一天工作14小时。
　　He was made to change his mind.
　　他被迫改变了主意。
　　（2）let有两种用法，一是用于祈使句，建议包括说话者在内的人采取某一行动：
　　Let's not waste any more time.
　　我们别再浪费时间了。
　　Let's take a taxi.
　　我们坐出租车吧。
　　其否定形式除Let's not…外也可以用Don't let's…:
　　Don't let's waste any more time.
　　我们别再浪费时间了。
　　这种祈使句中的let相当于助动词。
　　let的第2种用法是表示“允许”，其结构与make相同，即 let+名词/代词+不带to的不定式。如果宾语是us,则不能缩写成let's:
　　Please let us have more time, will you?
　　请多给我们一点时间好吗？
　　I won't let you ride my bicycle.
　　我不让你骑我的自行车。
　　Let him speak.
　　让他说话。
　　let后面可以跟一个被动的、不带to的不定式：
　　He let it be known that the house was his.
　　他让大家知道那房子是他的。
　　但是let一般不用于被动意义来表示“被允许”，这时可用allow:
　　They didn't let us speak.
　　他们没有让我们讲话。
　　We were not allowed to speak.
　　我们没有被允许讲话。
 

Lesson 57   课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer